Hock Emma S, Scope Alison, Booth Andrew
University of Sheffield, UK.
Sheffield Hallam University, UK.
Evid Policy. 2023 Oct 18;20(4):531-556. doi: 10.1332/17442648Y2023D000000002.
Local authorities (LA) are key in improving population health, and LA public health decision makers need support from appropriately organised research capacity; however, few models of LA research systems are known to exist.
To explore potential and existing models of LA-based research systems.
This mapping review and time-constrained systematic review synthesises conceptual and empirical literature from 12 health and social science databases, grey literature and reference/citation tracking. Three reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full texts of retrieved records, and extracted key data from included papers. Evidence was synthesised based on characteristics of research systems and quality-assessed for relevance, rigour and richness.
Nine models were examined in depth. From these, we developed a typology of research systems. Few models were specifically designed for LA research activity; as a Whole System approach, the Local Authority Champions of Research model offers a potential blueprint. Useful lessons may be learned from UK Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research, Academic Collaborative Centres in the Netherlands, local Research and Development units in Sweden, and generic University-Community partnerships.
An optimal research system requires the coexistence of multiple systems including Centre, Partnership, Collaboration, Network and Community types. The review is UK-focused, but the models appear to have wider relevance. Our classification offers those planning an LA research system the opportunity to choose an approach that meets their requirements and resources. A Whole System approach is optimal, with egalitarian input from the LA and academia.
地方当局在改善人口健康方面起着关键作用，地方当局的公共卫生决策者需要有组织得当的研究能力提供支持；然而，已知存在的地方当局研究系统模式很少。
探索基于地方当局的研究系统的潜在模式和现有模式。
本次映射综述和时间受限的系统综述综合了来自12个健康和社会科学数据库、灰色文献以及参考文献/引文追踪的概念性和实证性文献。三位评审员筛选了检索记录的标题、摘要和全文，并从纳入的论文中提取关键数据。根据研究系统的特征对证据进行综合，并对相关性、严谨性和丰富性进行质量评估。
深入研究了九种模式。据此，我们构建了一个研究系统类型学。专门为地方当局研究活动设计的模式很少；作为一种整体系统方法，地方当局研究倡导者模式提供了一个潜在的蓝图。可以从英国应用健康研究领导力合作组织、荷兰学术合作中心、瑞典地方研发单位以及一般的大学 - 社区伙伴关系中学到有益的经验教训。
一个最优的研究系统需要多种系统并存，包括中心型、伙伴关系型、合作型、网络型和社区型。本综述以英国为重点，但这些模式似乎具有更广泛的相关性。我们的分类为那些规划地方当局研究系统的人提供了一个机会，使其能够选择一种符合其要求和资源的方法。整体系统方法是最优的，地方当局和学术界应平等参与。
