Mgbechidinma Chiamaka Linda, Cao Junfeng, Jiang Liwen
School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
AoE Centre for Organelle Biogenesis and Function, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
J Exp Bot. 2025 Jun 25. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraf269.
Like other eukaryotes, plants are a rich hub of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid biomolecules that undergo liquid-liquid phase separation to form liquid-like biomolecular condensates that facilitate diverse cellular functions, especially upon biotic and abiotic stresses. Current plant-related research highlights the emerging role of biomolecular condensates in stress sensing, modulation, and response as an intricate mechanism for rapid and efficient stress adaptation. The cellular functions of condensates and their localization emphasize the importance of endomembrane systems in bridging the understanding of membrane-bound and membrane-less organelles and their compartmentalization. This review provides an overview of the recent updates and findings in plant phase separation and biomolecular condensate formation. With the increasing evidence of research pointing to a link between membrane-less condensates, autophagy, and the endomembrane system, we discuss the crosstalk between multivesicular body (MVB), autophagosome, and vacuole. We also elaborate on biomolecular condensates' functional and regulatory roles in plant autophagosome formation at the early and late stages. Finally, we provide insights for future investigations on plant cellular biomolecular condensates as a means to pave the way for new frontiers of studies in improving agricultural plant yield, resilience, and other biotechnological applications.
与其他真核生物一样，植物富含蛋白质、脂质和核酸生物分子，这些分子会经历液-液相分离，形成类似液体的生物分子凝聚物，从而促进多种细胞功能，尤其是在生物和非生物胁迫下。当前与植物相关的研究突出了生物分子凝聚物在胁迫感知、调节和响应中的新作用，这是一种快速高效的胁迫适应复杂机制。凝聚物的细胞功能及其定位强调了内膜系统在连接对膜结合和无膜细胞器及其区室化理解方面的重要性。本综述概述了植物相分离和生物分子凝聚物形成的最新进展和发现。随着越来越多的研究证据表明无膜凝聚物、自噬和内膜系统之间存在联系，我们讨论了多囊泡体（MVB）、自噬体和液泡之间的相互作用。我们还阐述了生物分子凝聚物在植物自噬体形成早期和晚期的功能和调节作用。最后，我们为未来关于植物细胞生物分子凝聚物的研究提供了见解，以此为提高农业植物产量、抗逆性及其他生物技术应用的新研究前沿铺平道路。
