De Falco Domenico, Iaquinta Francesca, Pedone Doriana, Lucchese Alberta, Di Stasio Dario, Petruzzi Massimo
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania-"Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy.
Antibodies (Basel). 2025 Jun 18;14(2):51. doi: 10.3390/antib14020051.
Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune disease with potential overlap with Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), particularly in erosive forms. Desmoglein 1 and 3 are transmembrane glycoproteins of desmosomes, typically involved in PV. This scoping review aims to evaluate the presence and potential pathogenetic role of anti-desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) and anti-desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) antibodies in OLP. A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, Ovid, and Scopus up to April 2025. Human studies reporting OLP patients with anti-Dsg1 and/or anti-Dsg3 antibodies were included. Data from 11 studies were analyzed by diagnosis, age/sex, oral site involvement, immunofluorescence, and ELISA testing. Erosive OLP was most frequently associated with anti-Dsg1/Dsg3 positivity, mainly in women aged 40-60. Immunofluorescence was positive in some cases, while the ELISA test almost consistently detected anti-Dsg1 and Dsg3 antibodies. However, in many instances, antibody titers did not reach the threshold value, despite the presence being detectable. This finding suggests that anti-Dsg1/Dsg3 antibodies may represent epiphenomena of chronic inflammation in erosive OLP, indicating an immune-serological overlap with PV but lacking direct pathogenicity. Furthermore, the role of Dsg3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, by promoting enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix and enhance tumor invasiveness, highlights the complex functions of desmogleins beyond autoimmunity.
口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，与寻常型天疱疮（PV）可能存在重叠，尤其是糜烂型。桥粒芯糖蛋白1和3是桥粒的跨膜糖蛋白，通常与PV有关。本综述旨在评估抗桥粒芯糖蛋白1（Dsg1）和抗桥粒芯糖蛋白3（Dsg3）抗体在OLP中的存在情况及其潜在的致病作用。截至2025年4月，在MEDLINE/PubMed、Ovid和Scopus上进行了文献检索。纳入了报告OLP患者存在抗Dsg1和/或抗Dsg3抗体的人体研究。对11项研究的数据按诊断、年龄/性别、口腔受累部位、免疫荧光和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测进行了分析。糜烂型OLP最常与抗Dsg1/Dsg3阳性相关，主要见于40至60岁的女性。免疫荧光在某些情况下呈阳性，而ELISA检测几乎始终能检测到抗Dsg1和Dsg3抗体。然而，在许多情况下，尽管抗体滴度可检测到，但未达到阈值。这一发现表明，抗Dsg1/Dsg3抗体可能是糜烂型OLP慢性炎症的附带现象，表明与PV存在免疫血清学重叠，但缺乏直接致病性。此外，Dsg3通过促进降解细胞外基质并增强肿瘤侵袭性的酶的作用，在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的作用突出了桥粒芯糖蛋白在自身免疫之外的复杂功能。
