Lee Minhyuk, Lee Minjae, Kim Sungjee, Park Nokyoung
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
Chemistry and Nanoscience Major, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Yongin-si 17058, Republic of Korea.
Biosensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 4;15(6):355. doi: 10.3390/bios15060355.
Hydrogels are three-dimensional network structures composed of hydrophilic polymers that can swell in water and are very similar to soft tissues such as connective tissue or the extracellular matrix. DNA hydrogels are particularly notable for biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility, physiological stability, molecular recognition, biodegradability, easy functionalization, and low immunogenicity. Based on these advantages, stimuli-responsive DNA hydrogels that have the property of reversibly changing their structure in response to various microenvironments or molecules are attracting attention as smart nanomaterials that can be applied to biosensing and material transfer, such as in the case of cells and drugs. As DNA nanotechnology advances, DNA can be hybridized with a variety of nanomaterials, from inorganic nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and quantum dots (QDs) to synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamide (PAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM). These hybrid structures exhibit various optical and chemical properties. This review discusses recent advances and remaining challenges in biomedical applications of stimuli-responsive smart DNA hydrogel-based systems. It also highlights various types of hybridized DNA hydrogel, explores various response mechanism strategies of stimuli-responsive DNA hydrogel, and provides insights and prospects for biomedical applications such as biosensing and drug delivery.
水凝胶是由亲水性聚合物组成的三维网络结构，能在水中溶胀，与结缔组织或细胞外基质等软组织非常相似。DNA水凝胶因其高生物相容性、生理稳定性、分子识别能力、生物可降解性、易于功能化和低免疫原性，在生物医学应用中尤为引人注目。基于这些优点，能够响应各种微环境或分子而可逆地改变其结构的刺激响应性DNA水凝胶，作为可应用于生物传感和材料转移（如细胞和药物方面）的智能纳米材料正受到关注。随着DNA纳米技术的发展，DNA可以与多种纳米材料杂交，从金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）和量子点（QDs）等无机纳米材料到聚丙烯酰胺（PAAm）和聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（pNIPAM）等合成聚合物。这些杂化结构表现出各种光学和化学性质。本文综述讨论了基于刺激响应性智能DNA水凝胶的系统在生物医学应用中的最新进展和 remaining challenges in biomedical applications of stimuli-responsive smart DNA hydrogel-based systems. It also highlights various types of hybridized DNA hydrogel, explores various response mechanism strategies of stimuli-responsive DNA hydrogel, and provides insights and prospects for biomedical applications such as biosensing and drug delivery. 剩余挑战。它还重点介绍了各种类型的杂交DNA水凝胶，探讨了刺激响应性DNA水凝胶的各种响应机制策略，并为生物传感和药物递送等生物医学应用提供了见解和前景。
