Shu Lin, Li Hongbo, Chang Yawen, Du Yuzhou
Institute of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550009, China.
Insects. 2025 May 24;16(6):557. doi: 10.3390/insects16060557.
The wide distribution of is largely due to its extreme temperature adaptability. In current studies, most scholars consider environmental changes to be the main factor affecting insect temperature adaptation. However, our previous studies have shown that the adaptability of to extreme temperature conditions can be strengthened through domestication. In this study, the population of raised in the laboratory for a long time (2008-2022) under relatively constant temperature and humidity conditions was used as the experimental material. Over 14 years, changes in temperature tolerance after the same high- and low-temperature stress were evaluated by comparing the survival data of the 2010 population, 2016 population (more than 100 generations), and 2022 population (more than 200 generations). The survival data and LT values demonstrated significant stage- and sex-specific differences in thermal tolerance: The cold tolerance of improved significantly, with LT decreasing from -12.5 °C (P2010) to -13.4 °C (P2022) for females and -11.5 °C to -13.0 °C for males. Notably, male adults showed higher survival rates than females at -14 °C and -15 °C. Meanwhile, heat tolerance increased most markedly in 2nd instar larvae (ΔLT50 = +4.1 °C). These findings indicate an environment-independent evolutionary pathway within the population, providing a new research direction for insect population evolution.
[此处原文中物种名称缺失，无法准确翻译]的广泛分布很大程度上归因于其极强的温度适应性。在当前研究中，大多数学者认为环境变化是影响昆虫温度适应性的主要因素。然而，我们之前的研究表明，[此处原文中物种名称缺失，无法准确翻译]对极端温度条件的适应性可通过驯化得到增强。在本研究中，将在相对恒定的温度和湿度条件下于实验室长期饲养（2008 - 2022年）的[此处原文中物种名称缺失，无法准确翻译]种群用作实验材料。在14年的时间里，通过比较2010年种群、2016年种群（超过100代）和2022年种群（超过200代）的存活数据，评估了相同高温和低温胁迫后温度耐受性的变化。存活数据和低温致死时间（LT）值表明，在热耐受性方面存在显著的阶段和性别特异性差异：[此处原文中物种名称缺失，无法准确翻译]的耐寒性显著提高，雌性的LT从-12.5°C（P2010）降至-13.4°C（P2022），雄性从-11.5°C降至-13.0°C。值得注意的是，在-14°C和-15°C时，雄性成虫的存活率高于雌性。同时，2龄幼虫的耐热性提高最为明显（ΔLT50 = +4.1°C）。这些发现表明该种群内存在一条不依赖环境的进化途径，为昆虫种群进化提供了一个新的研究方向。
