Al-Muraisy Saqr A A, Wu Jiamin, Chen Mingliang, Tanis Begüm, Heijman Sebastiaan G J, Bin Ismail Shahrul, van Lier Jules B, Lindeboom Ralph E F
Sanitary Engineering Section, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Membranes (Basel). 2025 Jun 10;15(6):176. doi: 10.3390/membranes15060176.
Recovering oil and water from palm oil mill effluent reduces environmental pollution and promotes sustainable practices. An effective method to achieve this is ultrafiltration (UF), which uses semi-permeable membranes to separate oil, solids, and other contaminants from wastewater under pressure. To assess the most effective recovery method, an experimental comparison was conducted between PVDF and α-AlO UF membranes at constant permeate of 20-50 LMH for PVDF and 20-70 LMH for α-AlO membranes. Both membranes achieved 99.8% chemical oxygen demand (COD) rejection, with oil concentration factor (F) of 186.8% and 253.0%, and water recovery (R) of 46.6% and 60.5%, respectively. The permeate water quality was superior to the Malaysian discharge standards, and the fat, oil, and grease (FOG) content was suitable for phase separation processes. The optimal permeate fluxes, with stable transmembrane pressures (TMP), were observed at 40 LMH (PVDF) and 60 LMH (α-AlO). Total resistance (R) values were 1.30 × 10 m (PVDF) and 1.59 × 10 m (α-AlO). The ratio of irreversible to total resistances (R/R) was 0.02 (PVDF) and 0.06 (α-AlO), indicating minimal irreversible fouling. Overall, the α-AlO membrane demonstrated superior performance in oil and water recovery with more stable operation compared to the PVDF membrane. UF membrane technology emerges as an efficient technique for recovering oil and water compared to conventional methods.
从棕榈油厂废水中回收油和水可减少环境污染并促进可持续发展实践。实现这一目标的有效方法是超滤（UF），它利用半透膜在压力作用下从废水中分离出油、固体和其他污染物。为评估最有效的回收方法，在PVDF膜的恒定渗透通量为20 - 50 LMH以及α - AlO膜的恒定渗透通量为20 - 70 LMH的条件下，对PVDF和α - AlO超滤膜进行了实验比较。两种膜对化学需氧量（COD）的截留率均达到99.8%，油浓缩因子（F）分别为186.8%和253.0%，水回收率（R）分别为46.6%和60.5%。渗透水水质优于马来西亚排放标准，且脂肪、油和油脂（FOG）含量适合相分离过程。在40 LMH（PVDF）和60 LMH（α - AlO）时观察到具有稳定跨膜压力（TMP）的最佳渗透通量。总阻力（R）值分别为1.30×10 m（PVDF）和1.59×10 m（α - AlO）。不可逆阻力与总阻力之比（R/R）分别为0.02（PVDF）和0.06（α - AlO），表明不可逆污染最小。总体而言，与PVDF膜相比，α - AlO膜在油和水回收方面表现出更优异的性能，运行更稳定。与传统方法相比，超滤膜技术成为一种高效的油和水回收技术。
