Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2023 Feb;312:102834. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102834. Epub 2023 Jan 6.
Membrane-based water treatment processes have been established as a powerful approach for clean water production. However, despite the significant advances made in terms of rejection and flux, provision of sustainable and energy-efficient water production is restricted by the inevitable issue of membrane fouling, known to be the major contributor to the elevated operating costs due to frequent chemical cleaning, increased transmembrane resistance, and deterioration of permeate flux. This review provides an overview of fouling control strategies in different membrane processes, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, membrane bioreactors, and desalination via reverse osmosis and forward osmosis. Insights into the recent advancements are discussed and efforts made in terms of membrane development, modules arrangement, process optimization, feed pretreatment, and fouling monitoring are highlighted to evaluate their overall impact in energy- and cost-effective water treatment. Major findings in four key aspects are presented, including membrane surface modification, modules design, process integration, and fouling monitoring. Among the above mentioned anti-fouling strategies, a large part of research has been focused on membrane surface modifications using a number of anti-fouling materials whereas much less research has been devoted to membrane module advancements and in-situ fouling monitoring and control. At the end, a critical analysis is provided for each anti-fouling strategy and a rationale framework is provided for design of efficient membranes and process for water treatment.
基于膜的水处理工艺已被确立为生产清洁水的有效方法。然而，尽管在截留率和通量方面取得了重大进展，但由于膜污染是不可避免的问题，这限制了可持续和节能的水生产，因为频繁的化学清洗、跨膜阻力增加和渗透通量恶化会导致运营成本升高。本综述概述了不同膜过程（如微滤、超滤、膜生物反应器以及反渗透和正向渗透脱盐）中的防污控制策略。讨论了最新进展，并强调了在膜开发、模块布置、工艺优化、进料预处理和污垢监测方面所做的努力，以评估它们在节能和经济高效水处理方面的总体影响。介绍了四个关键方面的主要发现，包括膜表面改性、模块设计、工艺集成和污垢监测。在上述抗污染策略中，很大一部分研究集中在使用多种抗污染材料对膜表面进行改性，而对膜模块的改进以及原位污垢监测和控制的研究则较少。最后，对每种防污策略进行了批判性分析，并为高效膜和水处理工艺的设计提供了合理的框架。
