Imsilp Kanjana, Sirinupong Pattanasuda, Yeesin Pun, Thong-Asa Wachiryah, Tanhan Phanwimol
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand.
Toxics. 2025 Jun 5;13(6):477. doi: 10.3390/toxics13060477.
This investigation examined the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal contamination within the surface sediments and aquatic environments of Pattani Bay, Thailand, throughout both wet and dry seasons. The sediments were primarily composed of fine-grained materials, specifically silt and clay, and exhibited greater propensity to absorb heavy metals from water. Notably elevated concentrations of Cd and Pb were detected, particularly within riverine sediment deposits. This indicates that riverine inputs are significant pathways of the contamination and potentially associated with historical mining activities. Seasonal fluctuations affected physicochemical parameters as well as metal concentrations. The heightened levels of Cd and Pb during the wet season were attributed to runoff phenomena. Pollution indices including the Contamination Factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) demonstrated moderate to extremely high contamination levels of Cd and Pb in certain areas. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) suggested possible similar sources for multiple metals including Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The results showed that the heavy metal pollution present is serious, especially for Cd and Pb. These could lead to high ecological health risks and so it is necessary to focus on implementing environmental management strategies for Pattani Bay.
本调查研究了泰国北大年湾在雨季和旱季期间表层沉积物及水生环境中的理化特性和重金属污染情况。沉积物主要由细颗粒物质组成，特别是粉砂和黏土，并且表现出更强的从水中吸收重金属的倾向。检测到镉和铅的浓度显著升高，尤其是在河流沉积物中。这表明河流输入是污染的重要途径，并且可能与历史采矿活动有关。季节波动影响了理化参数以及金属浓度。雨季期间镉和铅水平升高归因于径流现象。包括污染因子（CF）、污染负荷指数（PLI）和地累积指数（Igeo）在内的污染指数表明，某些区域的镉和铅污染水平为中度至极高。主成分分析（PCA）表明镉、铜、铅和锌等多种金属可能有相似的来源。结果表明，目前存在的重金属污染很严重，尤其是镉和铅。这些可能导致较高的生态健康风险，因此有必要重点为北大年湾实施环境管理策略。
