Sterck Elisabeth H M, Kamp Sophie M, Rouart Ive, van den Berg Lisette M, Zijlmans Dian G M, Roth Tom S, Bushman Brad J
Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TB, The Netherlands.
Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, 2288 GJ, The Netherlands.
Anim Cogn. 2025 Jun 25;28(1):50. doi: 10.1007/s10071-025-01970-1.
Animals can obtain important social information by observing social interactions among conspecifics. Depending on the social content, such as familiarity with the conspecifics and the type of interaction, the receiver's attention, and possibly also movement and stress response, might differ. Moreover, these behavioural responses may vary depending on the individual's own characteristics. By showing video fragments with different social content (i.e., run, conflict, sit, groom) of group members and strangers, we measured the reaction of captive long-tailed macaques living in multi-generational groups. In addition, we explored how an individual's social and self-directed behaviour in its social group was related to reactions to these videos. Subjects paid more attention to videos of group members than strangers, especially more subordinate and less stress sensitive (i.e., low stress response when observing natural aggression) individuals. Self-directed behaviour was higher for younger individuals seeing strangers, but not group members, and for individuals with high levels of baseline self-directed behaviour and little grooming. Regarding context, the monkeys paid more attention to videos with active and aggressive content compared to sitting and grooming videos. Altogether, monkeys living in multi-generational groups show high interest in gathering social information on group members, and this is modulated by their social role and personal ability to handle social situations.
动物可以通过观察同种个体之间的社会互动来获取重要的社会信息。根据社会内容，例如对同种个体的熟悉程度和互动类型，接收者的注意力，以及可能的运动和应激反应，可能会有所不同。此外，这些行为反应可能因个体自身特征而异。通过展示群体成员和陌生人具有不同社会内容（即奔跑、冲突、坐着、梳理毛发）的视频片段，我们测量了生活在多代群体中的圈养长尾猕猴的反应。此外，我们还探究了个体在其社会群体中的社会行为和自我导向行为与对这些视频的反应之间的关系。与陌生人相比，受试者对群体成员的视频关注度更高，尤其是地位较低且对应激不太敏感（即在观察自然攻击行为时应激反应较低）的个体。对于看到陌生人而非群体成员的年轻个体，以及基线自我导向行为水平较高且梳理毛发较少的个体，自我导向行为更高。在情境方面，与坐着和梳理毛发的视频相比，猴子对具有活跃和攻击内容的视频关注度更高。总之，生活在多代群体中的猴子对收集群体成员的社会信息表现出高度兴趣，并且这受到它们的社会角色和处理社会情境的个人能力的调节。
