de Meireles Denisvaldo A, Souza Tancredo, de A A Carneiro Kalline, da S Fraga Vânia, de O Dias Bruno, da S Batista Daliane, Martins Emanoel Lima, de Lima Alan F L, Dos Santos Nascimento Gislaine, Campos Milton C C
Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Microrganismos Promotores de Crescimento de Plantas (INCT MicroAgro), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Jun 25;197(7):804. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14271-4.
The Brazilian semi-arid region, marked by erratic rainfall and severely degraded soils, presents critical challenges for sustainable agriculture. In this context, the reuse of treated domestic wastewater-collected from a septic tank and anaerobic filter system-offers a promising strategy to enhance plant productivity and rehabilitate soil conditions, particularly within the Caatinga biome. This study evaluated the long-term (four-year) effects of irrigation with pure water versus treated domestic wastewater on plant dry biomass, soil fertility, and rhizospheric microbial activity in a degraded Planosol. Two plant types were assessed: a C₄ species (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) and a CAM species (Opuntia atropes). Results demonstrated that treated wastewater irrigation significantly increased dry biomass, with a 12.18% increase in the C₄ species and a 29.33% increase in the CAM species. Soil chemical fertility improved notably, with wastewater application raising soil pH by 5.0%, increasing soil organic carbon by 87.9%, and enhancing nutrient availability, including nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and sodium. A 37.5% reduction in exchangeable aluminum further indicated mitigation of soil acidity. Microbial responses varied between species: while soil respiration increased in both rhizospheres-more prominently in CAM species-microbial biomass carbon rose significantly in the C₄ rhizosphere but declined in CAM, suggesting species-specific microbial interactions. These findings support the potential of treated domestic wastewater as a nutrient-rich, low-cost irrigation alternative for improving plant performance and soil quality in semi-arid degraded lands. Nevertheless, potential risks-including salinity build-up and pathogen persistence-necessitate long-term monitoring and further environmental safety assessments. By integrating plant physiology, soil chemistry, and microbial ecology, this study offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating wastewater reuse as a sustainable agricultural and ecological restoration practice in the Caatinga biome.
巴西半干旱地区降雨不稳定，土壤严重退化，给可持续农业带来了严峻挑战。在此背景下，将化粪池和厌氧过滤系统收集的经处理生活污水进行回用，为提高植物生产力和恢复土壤条件提供了一种有前景的策略，特别是在卡廷加生物群落地区。本研究评估了在退化的黏磐土上，用纯水灌溉和用经处理生活污水灌溉对植物干生物量、土壤肥力和根际微生物活性的长期（四年）影响。评估了两种植物类型：一种C₄物种（含羞草）和一种景天酸代谢（CAM）物种（暗黑仙人掌）。结果表明，经处理污水灌溉显著增加了干生物量，C₄物种增加了12.18%，CAM物种增加了29.33%。土壤化学肥力显著改善，施用污水使土壤pH值提高了5.0%，土壤有机碳增加了87.9%，并提高了包括氮、钾、镁和钠在内的养分有效性。可交换铝减少37.5%进一步表明土壤酸度得到缓解。微生物反应因物种而异：虽然两个根际的土壤呼吸都增加了——CAM物种增加得更显著——但微生物生物量碳在C₄根际显著增加，而在CAM根际下降，表明存在物种特异性的微生物相互作用。这些发现支持了经处理生活污水作为一种营养丰富、低成本灌溉替代品，用于改善半干旱退化土地上植物性能和土壤质量的潜力。然而，潜在风险——包括盐分积累和病原体残留——需要长期监测和进一步的环境安全评估。通过整合植物生理学、土壤化学和微生物生态学，本研究提供了一种全面的方法来评估污水回用作为卡廷加生物群落地区可持续农业和生态恢复实践的情况。
