Ghazal Ahmad, Paul Richard, Tarkan Ali Serhan, Kurtul Irmak, Pegg Josephine, Andreou Demetra, Britton J Robert
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom.
Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 25;20(6):e0326497. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0326497. eCollection 2025.
The manipulation of species' attributes through selective breeding can produce domesticated traits including decreased stress responses (i.e., selecting for high stress resilience). Common carp Cyprinus carpio ("carp") have been domesticated for centuries, with domesticated forms frequently used to enhance recreational catch-and-release fisheries around the world. In Atlantic salmon Salmo salar ("salmon"), two primary strains are evident, a wild strain and domesticated aquaculture strain. Here, we compared scale cortisol concentrations (a biomarker of fish chronic stress levels) between domesticated carp in catch-and-release pond fisheries and wild carp in waters with no angling. Carp of low scale cortisol concentration were apparent in all sampled populations, suggesting individuals of low stress sensitivity are encountered in both wild and domesticated strains, and in natural and captive environments. Carp with relatively high levels of scale cortisol were, however, only present in wild carp, suggesting high phenotypic variability in their chronic stress responses, with some individuals being highly sensitive to stress. In some wild carp, elevated scale cortisol concentrations could also have been indicative of adaptive responses to their heterogenous environments. We then compared wild versus farmed salmon scale cortisol levels, and found a similar pattern, with relatively high scale cortisol levels only detected in wild fish. These results indicate that while domesticated carp and salmon are exposed to potentially stressful environments, they appear to have some resilience against the adverse effects of chronic stress.
通过选择性育种来操纵物种属性，可以产生包括降低应激反应（即选择高应激恢复力）在内的驯化性状。鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）已经被驯化了几个世纪，驯化后的品种经常被用于世界各地增强休闲钓获放流渔业。在大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）中，有两种主要品系很明显，一种是野生品系，另一种是驯化的水产养殖品系。在这里，我们比较了钓获放流池塘渔业中的驯化鲤鱼和无垂钓水域中的野生鲤鱼的鳞片皮质醇浓度（鱼类慢性应激水平的生物标志物）。在所有采样群体中都明显存在鳞片皮质醇浓度低的鲤鱼，这表明在野生和驯化品系以及自然和圈养环境中都能遇到应激敏感性低的个体。然而，鳞片皮质醇水平相对较高的鲤鱼只存在于野生鲤鱼中，这表明它们的慢性应激反应具有高表型变异性，有些个体对应激高度敏感。在一些野生鲤鱼中，升高的鳞片皮质醇浓度也可能表明它们对异质环境的适应性反应。然后我们比较了野生鲑鱼和养殖鲑鱼的鳞片皮质醇水平，发现了类似的模式，仅在野生鱼类中检测到相对较高的鳞片皮质醇水平。这些结果表明，虽然驯化的鲤鱼和鲑鱼暴露于潜在的应激环境中，但它们似乎对慢性应激的不利影响具有一定的恢复力。
