Metz Barbara, Wörle Johanna, Metzulat Myriam, Neukum Alexandra
WIVW GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Str. 4, 97209 Veitshöchheim, Germany.
Singapore-ETH Centre, 1 Create Way CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602 Singapore.
Accid Anal Prev. 2025 Sep;220:108142. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2025.108142. Epub 2025 Jun 24.
A variety of objective and subjective methods is used to assess situation awareness (SA) in automated driving (AD). In fields like aviation, established methods like SAGAT are used as state of the art for assessing SA, whereas in AD, there is less consensus on the most valid measures. In a driving simulator study with N = 41 participants, four different levels of SA were experimentally created by manipulating visual attention during AD. Different methods for assessing SA were logged during AD-mode and during takeover situations including subjective ratings, gaze behaviour, performance and probe measures. The impact of the manipulation of visual attention during AD mode on the different measures of SA as well as their relation to each other is analysed, reported and discussed. Results show pronounced differences between levels of attention during AD-mode in subjective SA, gaze behaviour and performance measures while preventing visual processing of the driving scenery completely while during AD mode caused surprisingly little impact. A relation between measures of SA and performance can be shown for specifically designed takeover scenarios with increased demands on SA. On the one hand, this implies that there can be a critical impact of SA on performance in takeover situations but it also highlights the robustness and efficiency of drivers' visual processing that enables safe takeover responses even in situations with only little visual processing before a takeover. The implications of the results for assessing SA as well as the processes behind SA in AD are discussed.
人们使用各种客观和主观方法来评估自动驾驶（AD）中的态势感知（SA）。在航空等领域，像SAGAT这样的既定方法被用作评估态势感知的先进技术，而在自动驾驶领域，对于最有效的测量方法则缺乏共识。在一项有41名参与者的驾驶模拟器研究中，通过在自动驾驶过程中操纵视觉注意力，实验性地创建了四个不同水平的态势感知。在自动驾驶模式和接管情况期间记录了评估态势感知的不同方法，包括主观评分、注视行为、性能和探测措施。分析、报告并讨论了在自动驾驶模式下操纵视觉注意力对不同态势感知测量方法的影响以及它们之间的相互关系。结果表明，在主观态势感知、注视行为和性能测量方面，自动驾驶模式下的注意力水平之间存在明显差异，而在自动驾驶模式下完全阻止对驾驶场景的视觉处理时，影响却出奇地小。对于对态势感知要求更高的专门设计的接管场景，可以显示态势感知测量与性能之间的关系。一方面，这意味着态势感知在接管情况下可能对性能产生关键影响，但它也突出了驾驶员视觉处理的稳健性和效率，即使在接管前只有很少视觉处理的情况下，也能实现安全的接管反应。讨论了这些结果对评估态势感知以及自动驾驶中态势感知背后过程的影响。
