Zhou Chengmin, Luo Yuxuan, Kaner Jake
College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 22;20(8):e0329760. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0329760. eCollection 2025.
With the advent of the era of autonomous driving, designing an effective and appropriate autonomous driving information display is crucial for ensuring driving safety. Head-up Display (HUD) is regarded as a promising way for presenting in-vehicle information in the future. This study conducted a simulation experiment to explore the impacts of three types of autonomous driving information displays on HUD on Situation Awareness (SA) and take-over performance, while considering the complexity of different driving scenarios. The experiment used in this study adopted a Latin square experimental design and employed an integrated eye-tracking technology with self-reporting and the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT). The results show that although young drivers perform better with the Augmented Reality (AR) display in various complex scenarios, particularly in high-complexity scenarios (the fixation duration with AR display was significantly shorter than that with Pseudo-3D (P3D) display; P = 0.012). However, the advantages of the AR display will weaken as the complexity of the scenarios decreases. Additionally, the Surround Recognition (SR) display is more likely to reduce drivers' SA (the fixation counts on the SR display was significantly higher than that on the P3D and AR displays; P < 0.001) and take-over efficiency (the take-over reaction time for the SR display was significantly longer than that for the AR display; P = 0.09), especially in medium-complexity scenarios. Meanwhile, male participants pay more attention to the autonomous driving information on HUD. Nevertheless, there is no obvious difference between males and females in terms of specific preferences for the types of displays. The results of this study are expected to provide some inspiration for the design of autonomous driving information on HUD.
随着自动驾驶时代的到来，设计一个有效且合适的自动驾驶信息显示器对于确保驾驶安全至关重要。抬头显示器（HUD）被视为未来呈现车内信息的一种有前景的方式。本研究进行了一项模拟实验，以探究三种类型的HUD自动驾驶信息显示器对态势感知（SA）和接管性能的影响，同时考虑不同驾驶场景的复杂性。本研究中使用的实验采用拉丁方实验设计，并采用了结合自我报告和态势感知全局评估技术（SAGAT）的综合眼动追踪技术。结果表明，尽管年轻驾驶员在各种复杂场景中使用增强现实（AR）显示器时表现更好，尤其是在高复杂性场景中（AR显示器的注视持续时间明显短于伪3D（P3D）显示器；P = 0.012）。然而，随着场景复杂性的降低，AR显示器的优势将会减弱。此外，环绕识别（SR）显示器更有可能降低驾驶员的态势感知（SR显示器上的注视次数明显高于P3D和AR显示器；P < 0.001）和接管效率（SR显示器的接管反应时间明显长于AR显示器；P = 0.09），尤其是在中等复杂性场景中。同时，男性参与者更关注HUD上的自动驾驶信息。然而，在对显示器类型的具体偏好方面，男性和女性之间没有明显差异。本研究结果有望为HUD上自动驾驶信息的设计提供一些启示。
