Kumar Chaitanya, Singh Harpreet, Kaur Manvinderpreet, Arya Shailendra Kumar, Khatri Madhu
Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University Institute for Emerging Areas in Science and Technology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Jun;32(26):15574-15603. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36663-2. Epub 2025 Jun 25.
The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the terrestrial and aquatic environments is posing a great threat globally. MPs/NPs pervade our environment in different forms and sizes. Their widespread presence can negatively affect aquatic organisms, soil, wildlife, birds, and humans. As a result, it becomes critical to develop remediation options for MPs/NPs. Among numerous materials, magnetic nanomaterials are one of the potential thrust areas for mitigating MP/NP pollution. In the present review, we discuss the recent developments in applying magnetic nanomaterials (such as nanoscale zero-valent iron, iron oxide nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposites, spinel ferrites, and magnetic perovskites) for MP/NP removal from various matrices. Different methods including adsorption, coagulation removal, and degradation have been highlighted in detail to remediate MPs/NPs. Then, the performance comparison between different technologies and magnetic nanomaterials has been done to highlight their relative efficiencies, limitations, and suitability for MP/NP remediation. Finally, the limitations, practical challenges in real contaminated ecosystems, and future solutions for the use of magnetic nanomaterials are discussed.
微塑料（MPs）和纳米塑料（NPs）在陆地和水生环境中的广泛存在正给全球带来巨大威胁。MPs/NPs以不同的形式和尺寸充斥着我们的环境。它们的广泛存在会对水生生物、土壤、野生动物、鸟类和人类产生负面影响。因此，开发针对MPs/NPs的修复方案变得至关重要。在众多材料中，磁性纳米材料是减轻MP/NP污染的潜在重点领域之一。在本综述中，我们讨论了应用磁性纳米材料（如纳米级零价铁、氧化铁纳米颗粒、磁性纳米复合材料、尖晶石铁氧体和磁性钙钛矿）从各种基质中去除MP/NPs的最新进展。详细介绍了包括吸附、混凝去除和降解在内的不同修复MPs/NPs的方法。然后，对不同技术和磁性纳米材料的性能进行了比较，以突出它们的相对效率、局限性以及对MP/NP修复的适用性。最后，讨论了磁性纳米材料的局限性、在实际污染生态系统中的实际挑战以及未来的解决方案。
