Tolymbekova Ainur, Lezina Larissa
School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 12;26(12):5652. doi: 10.3390/ijms26125652.
Despite the development of a wide plethora of different anticancer agents, most of them are not used for patient treatment due to adverse effects caused by untargeted cytotoxicity. To prevent this unwanted toxicity, it is necessary to develop therapies discriminating between healthy and cancerous cells. One possible method is to target proteins overexpressed in cancer but not in normal cells. CD320 is a receptor responsible for the uptake of the transcobalamin-bound fraction of vitamin B12 (cobalamin), which is necessary for DNA synthesis, and thus, cell proliferation. CD320 was shown to be overexpressed in many cancers and its potential role as an early cancer biomarker was confirmed in several studies. Consequently, CD320 may represent a promising anti-cancer therapy target. This review summarizes the current advances and perspectives of anti-cancer CD320 targeting therapy, including therapeutic conjugates of vitamin B12, CD320-specific antibodies and nanobodies, nanoparticles loaded with cytotoxic drugs, porphyrin, and the potential of targeted CD320 therapy in attenuation of tumor tissues. Given the growing interest in CD320 as a novel target for anti-cancer therapy, further in vivo studies are required for the investigation of CD320 targeting effects on systemic cytotoxicity.
尽管已经开发出大量不同的抗癌药物，但由于非靶向细胞毒性引起的不良反应，其中大多数并未用于患者治疗。为了防止这种不良毒性，有必要开发能够区分健康细胞和癌细胞的疗法。一种可能的方法是靶向在癌症中过度表达但在正常细胞中不表达的蛋白质。CD320是一种受体，负责摄取维生素B12（钴胺素）与转钴胺素结合的部分，这是DNA合成以及细胞增殖所必需的。研究表明，CD320在许多癌症中均有过度表达，并且在多项研究中证实了其作为早期癌症生物标志物的潜在作用。因此，CD320可能是一个有前景的抗癌治疗靶点。这篇综述总结了靶向CD320的抗癌治疗的当前进展和前景，包括维生素B12的治疗性偶联物、CD320特异性抗体和纳米抗体、负载细胞毒性药物和卟啉的纳米颗粒，以及靶向CD320治疗在减轻肿瘤组织方面的潜力。鉴于人们对CD320作为抗癌治疗新靶点的兴趣日益浓厚，需要进一步开展体内研究，以调查靶向CD320对全身细胞毒性的影响。
