The Use of Virtual Reality as a Non-Pharmacological Approach for Pain Reduction During the Debridement and Dressing of Hard-to-Heal Wounds.

: Pain management during minor surgical procedures in wound care across various etiologies is often underestimated in daily clinical practice. Pharmacotherapy remains the most effective and efficient method for pain reduction. However, growing concerns regarding the side effects of traditional analgesics and distressing psychosomatic experiences highlight the need for innovative non-pharmacological pain management strategies. The use of virtual reality (VR) has been suggested as a potential method to alleviate pain during medical procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of virtual reality as a non-pharmacological approach to pain reduction during the debridement and dressing of hard-to-heal vascular wounds. : This prospective observational study included a cohort of 100 patients who were consulted and treated at a specialized wound care clinic in the Podkarpacie region, Poland. Participant selection was based on predefined inclusion criteria. Patients were assigned to two groups: Group A, in which VR goggles were used, and Group B, in which standard care without VR was provided. All wounds were pre-treated with Lignocaine 2% gel for approximately 3-5 min before tissue debridement. Pain intensity was measured before the procedure, during the procedure, and 10 min after completion. A structured research questionnaire was used for data collection, consisting of two parts: sociodemographic data, functional assessment, wound characteristics, clinical scales, and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain assessment before, during, and after the procedure. : A total of 100 participants voluntarily took part in the study, of whom 49.0% (n = 49) were male and 51.0% (n = 51) were female. The age of participants ranged from 43 to 89 years, with a mean age of 68.02 ± 10.0 years. A statistically significant difference in pain perception was observed between the pre-procedure and intra-procedure phases of wound debridement. The average pain increase in the Group with VR was lower than in the Group without VR ( = 0.006, effect size = 0.32). Pain occurrence and intensity during wound debridement are common challenges in clinical practice. The visual perception of a bleeding and treated wound may contribute to the psychogenic pain component. Virtual reality may serve as a simple adjunctive method to medical procedures by diverting attention away from surgical interventions. Further research, including psychological aspects of non-pharmacological pain management, is necessary in the context of wound care prevention and treatment.