Zhao Yong-Cai, Huang Tao
College of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China.
Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2025 Jun 25;77(3):573-586. doi: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0048.
Resistance training promotes protein synthesis and hypertrophy, enhancing strength of skeletal muscle through the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the subsequent increases of ribosome biogenesis and translation capacity. Recent studies indicate that resistance training has positive effects on physical fitness and illness treatment, yet the mechanisms underlying hypertrophic adaptation remain insufficiently understood. Human studies focused on the correlation between mTOR signals and hypertrophy-related protein production, while animal research demonstrated that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is the main regulator of resistance training induced-hypertrophy. A number of upstream factors of mTORC1 have been identified, while the downstream mechanisms involved in the resistance training induced-hypertrophy are rarely studied. mTORC1 regulates the activation of satellite cells, which fuse with pre-existing fibers and contribute to hypertrophic response to resistance training. This article reviews the research progress on the mechanism of skeletal muscle hypertrophy caused by resistance training, analyzes the role of mTOR-related signals in the adaptation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and aims to provide a basis for basic research on muscle improvements through resistance training.
抗阻训练可促进蛋白质合成和肌肉肥大，通过激活雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）以及随后核糖体生物合成和翻译能力的增加来增强骨骼肌力量。近期研究表明，抗阻训练对身体健康和疾病治疗具有积极作用，但其肥大适应的潜在机制仍未得到充分理解。人体研究聚焦于mTOR信号与肥大相关蛋白质产生之间的关联，而动物研究表明，mTOR复合物1（mTORC1）是抗阻训练诱导肥大的主要调节因子。已确定了mTORC1的一些上游因子，而参与抗阻训练诱导肥大的下游机制鲜有研究。mTORC1调节卫星细胞的激活，卫星细胞与已有的肌纤维融合，并对抗阻训练的肥大反应做出贡献。本文综述了抗阻训练引起骨骼肌肥大机制的研究进展，分析了mTOR相关信号在骨骼肌肥大适应中的作用，旨在为通过抗阻训练改善肌肉的基础研究提供依据。
