Santana Nathália Miguel Teixeira, Leite Franciéle Marabotti Costa
Lavisa, Department of Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jun 11;13:1588877. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1588877. eCollection 2025.
Obesity is a significant public health concern, with its prevalence rising in many countries worldwide. Studies have shown that women are more likely to become obese than men. This article aimed to describe the nutritional status of women, determine the prevalence of obesity, and explore its associations with sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics.
This cross-sectional, analytical, population-based study was conducted in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. It included women 18 years and older. Obesity was assessed based on self-reported weight and height and was classified according to the body mass index (BMI). Women were classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) and non-obese (BMI ≥ 18.5 and <30 kg/m). All analyses were conducted using Stata® 14.0 software.
Among the women studied, 3% were underweight [ = 32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.04], 41.8% were normal weight ( = 449; 95% CI 0.39-0.45), 33.2% were overweight ( = 356; 95% CI 0.30-0.36), and 22% were obese ( = 236; 95% CI 0.20-0.25). The prevalence of obesity was higher among women aged 30-39 years (27.6%), those with 0-8 years of education (33.9%), those in the lowest tertile of family income (30.5%), those who engaged in physical activity (26.7%), women with five or more pregnancies (39.7%), and those with diabetes (35.2%), hypertension (34.8%), and depression (29.7%) ( < 0.05). We found a significant association between obesity and all older age groups compared to the youngest one (18-29), except for women aged 60 or older ( = 0.004), who had a higher prevalence of obesity. Lower categories of education and family income registered almost twice the prevalence of obesity (prevalence ratio [PR]:1.70; 95%CI 1.21-2.38; < 0.009 and PR: 2.00; 95%CI 1.36-2.95; < 0.002) compared to those in the highest categories. Additionally, having five or more pregnancies was associated with an increased probability of obesity (PR: 1.66; 95%CI 1.04-2.64; = 0.002). The presence of diabetes (PR: 1.34; 95%CI 1.03-1.74), hypertension (PR: 1.56; 95%CI 1.21-2.00), and depression (PR: 1.44; 95%CI 1.13-1.83) was also significantly associated with obesity compared to women without these diseases ( < 0.05).
Our findings indicate that obesity is significantly associated with age, family income, education level, number of pregnancies, and chronic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and depression.
肥胖是一个重大的公共卫生问题，在全球许多国家其患病率都在上升。研究表明，女性比男性更易肥胖。本文旨在描述女性的营养状况，确定肥胖患病率，并探讨其与社会人口学、行为及健康特征之间的关联。
这项基于人群的横断面分析研究在巴西圣埃斯皮里图州维多利亚市开展。研究对象为18岁及以上的女性。肥胖通过自我报告的体重和身高进行评估，并根据体重指数（BMI）进行分类。女性被分为肥胖（BMI≥30kg/m）和非肥胖（BMI≥18.5且<30kg/m）。所有分析均使用Stata® 14.0软件进行。
在所研究的女性中，3%体重过轻（n = 32；95%置信区间[CI] 0.02 - 0.04），41.8%体重正常（n = 449；95%CI 0.39 - 0.45），33.2%超重（n = 356；95%CI 0.30 - 0.36），22%肥胖（n = 236；95%CI 0.20 - 0.25）。肥胖患病率在30 - 39岁的女性中更高（27.6%），在受教育年限为0 - 8年的女性中（33.9%），在家庭收入处于最低三分位数的女性中（30.5%），在进行体育活动的女性中（26.7%），有五次或更多次怀孕的女性中（39.7%），以及患有糖尿病（35.2%）、高血压（34.8%）和抑郁症（29.7%）的女性中更高（P < 0.05）。与最年轻的年龄组（18 - 29岁）相比（P = 0.004），我们发现肥胖与所有其他年龄较大的组之间存在显著关联，60岁及以上的女性肥胖患病率更高。与教育程度和家庭收入最高类别相比，较低类别几乎使肥胖患病率翻倍（患病率比[PR]：1.70；95%CI 1.21 - 2.38；P < 0.009和PR：2.00；95%CI 1.36 - 2.95；P < 0.002）。此外，有五次或更多次怀孕与肥胖概率增加相关（PR：1.66；95%CI 1.04 - 2.64；P = 0.0C2）。与没有这些疾病的女性相比，患有糖尿病（PR：1.34；95%CI 1.03 - 1.74）、高血压（PR：1.56；95%CI 1.21 - 2.00）和抑郁症（PR：1.44；95%CI 1.13 - 1.83）也与肥胖显著相关（P < 0.05）。
我们的研究结果表明，肥胖与年龄、家庭收入、教育水平、怀孕次数以及包括糖尿病、高血压和抑郁症在内的慢性疾病显著相关。
