Hand function disorders significantly impair patients' quality of life by limiting the ability to perform daily tasks. Vagus nerve stimulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic intervention for hand function rehabilitation. This approach operates through multiple physiological mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory effects, protection of the blood-brain barrier, enhanced angiogenesis, increased neural plasticity, optimized neurotransmitter release, and reduced cellular apoptosis. Clinical evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in treating hand function impairments associated with various conditions, such as stroke, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, and erosive hand osteoarthritis. As neuroscience, sensor technology, and artificial intelligence continue to advance, and interdisciplinary collaboration is further strengthened, vagus nerve stimulation is poised to become an increasingly valuable therapeutic option for patients with hand function disorders. Future research will focus on optimizing stimulation protocols and exploring the long-term benefits of vagus nerve stimulation, thereby offering hope for improved functional recovery and enhanced quality of life. With the emergence of more clinical trials and technological innovations, vagus nerve stimulation has the potential to revolutionize the field of hand rehabilitation, providing a non-invasive and effective alternative for patients.