Wang Dong-Mei, An Qi, Yang Qing, Liao Yi
Department of Science and Education Division, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 Jun 11;15:1571291. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1571291. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection in pediatric TB patients in southwest China and its associated variables.
Pediatric TB patients were recruited from January 2014 to September 2024 in southwest China, based on etiology or clinical confirmation. Hospitalization records were extracted for each patient.
Among 2,607 pediatric TB patients with an average age of 9.58 ± 4.08 years, 39 (1.5%) were HIV-positive. The TB/HIV co-infection group male-to-female ratio was 2:1, higher than the TB-only group 1.19:1. The highest proportion of TB/HIV co-infection was in the 5-9 years age group (43.6%), while the 10-14 years age group accounted for the highest proportion of TB-alone cases (57.5%). In terms of population distribution, the Yi ethnic group had the highest proportion of TB/HIV co-infection cases (43.6%), while the Tibetan group had the highest proportion of TB-alone cases (51.1%). Extrapulmonary TB in the TB/HIV co-infection group primarily involved abdominal and pericardial sites, whereas the TB-alone infection group had more cases of lymphadenitis and pleural TB. The length of hospitalization (>14 days) in the TB/HIV co-infection group (74.4%) was significantly longer than in the TB-alone infection group (51.7%). Over the past 11 years, most pediatric TB/HIV co-infection cases were from the eastern-central and southern-central regions of Sichuan, particularly the southern Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The number of children with TB-alone infections increased gradually during this period. No significant difference in the number of pediatric TB/HIV co-infection cases was observed over the 11 years.
Pediatric TB/HIV co-infection in southwest China predominantly affects middle-aged and young boys, with a higher co-infection rate than the national average. The central and southern regions of Sichuan have a relatively high proportion of cases. Public health efforts should focus on strengthening awareness, screening, and early diagnosis of TB and HIV in children in high-risk areas to prevent further infections.
本研究旨在调查中国西南部儿童结核病患者中结核/艾滋病病毒合并感染的患病率及其相关变量。
2014年1月至2024年9月在中国西南部招募儿童结核病患者，基于病因或临床确诊。提取每位患者的住院记录。
在2607例平均年龄为9.58±4.08岁的儿童结核病患者中，39例（1.5%）为艾滋病病毒阳性。结核/艾滋病病毒合并感染组的男女比例为2:1，高于单纯结核病组的1.19:1。结核/艾滋病病毒合并感染比例最高的是5至9岁年龄组（43.6%），而10至14岁年龄组的单纯结核病病例比例最高（57.5%）。在人群分布方面，彝族的结核/艾滋病病毒合并感染病例比例最高（43.6%），而藏族的单纯结核病病例比例最高（51.1%）。结核/艾滋病病毒合并感染组的肺外结核主要累及腹部和心包部位，而单纯结核感染组的淋巴结炎和胸膜结核病例较多。结核/艾滋病病毒合并感染组的住院时间（>14天）（74.4%）明显长于单纯结核感染组（51.7%）。在过去11年中，大多数儿童结核/艾滋病病毒合并感染病例来自四川的中东部和中南部地区，特别是南部的凉山彝族自治州。在此期间，单纯结核感染儿童的数量逐渐增加。11年间儿童结核/艾滋病病毒合并感染病例数无显著差异。
中国西南部儿童结核/艾滋病病毒合并感染主要影响中青年男孩，合并感染率高于全国平均水平。四川中部和南部地区的病例比例相对较高。公共卫生工作应侧重于提高高危地区儿童对结核病和艾滋病病毒的认识、筛查及早期诊断，以预防进一步感染。
