Zhang Can, Zhang Sicong, Gao Xuheng, Li Yun, Xiao Wenhui, Jing Junlu, Zhang Qinghua, Liao Shuailin, Huang Zhongqiao, Miao Jianqiang, Liu Xili
Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Jul 9;73(27):16715-16725. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c01578. Epub 2025 Jun 26.
Chemical seed treatments are widely used to protect crops from pathogens. In China, phenamacril has been applied for over a decade to control bakanae disease in rice, caused by . Phenamacril targets the class I myosin FfMyo5, and mutations in the FfMyo5 can confer fungicide resistance. Here, we investigated the impact of phenamacril on soil microbial diversity and characterized resistance mechanisms in . High phenamacril concentrations altered soil microbial communities and increased soil residue levels. From 2019 to 2023, we collected 1519 isolates across six major rice-producing provinces. Resistance averaged 54.56%, peaking in Anhui (79.00%) and Heilongjiang (68.22%). The dominant resistance mutation was S219P in FfMyo5, with a novel K218N mutation also identified. A rapid AS-PCR method was developed for K218N detection. Resistant isolates exhibited fitness comparable to that of sensitive strains but produced more moniliformin. This paper details the prevalence of resistance to phenamacril, the underlying mechanisms behind this resistance, and assesses the potential risks that resistance poses to the soil ecosystem.
化学种子处理方法被广泛用于保护作物免受病原体侵害。在中国，苯噻酰胺已应用十多年来防治由[未提及的病原体]引起的水稻恶苗病。苯噻酰胺作用于I类肌球蛋白FfMyo5，FfMyo5中的突变可导致对该杀菌剂产生抗性。在此，我们研究了苯噻酰胺对土壤微生物多样性的影响，并对[未提及的病原体]中的抗性机制进行了表征。高浓度苯噻酰胺改变了土壤微生物群落并增加了土壤残留水平。2019年至2023年，我们在六个主要水稻种植省份收集了1519株分离株。抗性平均为54.56%，在安徽（79.00%）和黑龙江（68.22%）达到峰值。主要的抗性突变是FfMyo5中的S219P，还鉴定出一个新的K218N突变。开发了一种快速AS-PCR方法用于检测K218N。抗性分离株表现出与敏感菌株相当的适应性，但产生了更多的串珠镰刀菌素。本文详细介绍了[未提及的病原体]对苯噻酰胺的抗性流行情况、这种抗性背后的潜在机制，并评估了抗性对土壤生态系统构成的潜在风险。
