Liu Wei, Lan Zhou, Lin Zhenzi, Zhao Yuyue, Lian Junxiang, Yu Guangtao
Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China.
Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2025 Sep;114:128-137. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2025.06.009. Epub 2025 Jun 24.
Tumor immunotherapy has achieved revolutionary advancements; however, owing to the complex interplay of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic tumor factors, the patient response rate remains suboptimal. Recent research has emphasized the pivotal role of microbiome in tumor progression. Under normal physiological conditions, microbiome enter orally and colonize sites such as the oral and intestinal mucosa, establishing a dynamic microbiome equilibrium that participates in essential physiological processes, including host metabolism and immune regulation. However, in pathological states, including dysbiosis, tumor initiation, or compromised mucosal barrier function, the microbiome can penetrate the mucosal barrier, infiltrate tumor tissues, and engage in intricate direct or indirect interactions with immune cells. These interactions play a pivotal role in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment and modulating the host's anti-tumor immune response. This review elaborate the regulatory mechanisms involved in direct and indirect interactions between microbiome and immune cells within tumors, and their implications for tumor immunotherapy. We discuss the external factors that impact these interactions and outline the potential use of engineered bacteria in cancer treatment. From the perspective of the interaction network between microbiomes and immune cells, this review elucidates the mechanisms and potential of microbiomes in tumor immunotherapy, offering new insights and potential targets for innovative strategies in tumor prevention and treatment.
肿瘤免疫疗法已取得革命性进展；然而，由于多种内在和外在肿瘤因素的复杂相互作用，患者的反应率仍不尽人意。最近的研究强调了微生物群在肿瘤进展中的关键作用。在正常生理条件下，微生物群经口进入并定植于口腔和肠道黏膜等部位，建立动态的微生物群平衡，参与包括宿主代谢和免疫调节在内的重要生理过程。然而，在包括生态失调、肿瘤发生或黏膜屏障功能受损等病理状态下，微生物群可穿透黏膜屏障，浸润肿瘤组织，并与免疫细胞进行复杂的直接或间接相互作用。这些相互作用在重塑肿瘤免疫微环境和调节宿主抗肿瘤免疫反应中起关键作用。本综述阐述了肿瘤内微生物群与免疫细胞之间直接和间接相互作用所涉及的调节机制，以及它们对肿瘤免疫疗法的影响。我们讨论了影响这些相互作用的外部因素，并概述了工程菌在癌症治疗中的潜在用途。从微生物群与免疫细胞之间的相互作用网络角度出发，本综述阐明了微生物群在肿瘤免疫疗法中的机制和潜力，为肿瘤预防和治疗的创新策略提供了新的见解和潜在靶点。
