Spiegel D A, Smolen R C, Jonas C K
J Med Educ. 1985 Nov;60(11):819-29. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198511000-00001.
Fourth-year medical students at the four training sites of the University of Illinois College of Medicine were surveyed as to the frequency and difficulty of 99 interpersonal conflict situations that had been identified by their peers, supervisors, and coworkers. The situations were classified by the authors into two types, those requiring assertiveness skills and those requiring aggressiveness skills. A majority of the conflict situations involved students interacting with authorities (mostly residents and attending physicians), and three-quarters were of the aggressive type. The students reported the least difficulty with assertive-type conflict situations that involved peers and with aggressive-type conflict situations that involved nurses. Students at the Chicago campus reported more problems than those at the smaller, regional sites. The only significant difference between men and women students was that the women reported more occurrences than the men of aggressive-type conflict situations involving nurses.
伊利诺伊大学医学院四个培训地点的四年级医学生接受了调查，内容涉及他们的同龄人、上级和同事所识别出的99种人际冲突情况的发生频率和难度。作者将这些情况分为两类，一类需要坚定自信的技能，另一类需要攻击性的技能。大多数冲突情况涉及学生与权威人士（主要是住院医师和主治医师）的互动，四分之三属于攻击性类型。学生们表示，涉及同龄人的坚定自信型冲突情况以及涉及护士的攻击性冲突情况难度最小。芝加哥校区的学生比规模较小的地区性校区的学生报告的问题更多。男女学生之间唯一显著的差异是，在涉及护士的攻击性冲突情况中，女生报告的发生次数比男生更多。
