Jasik Katarzyna, Śnieżek Lucjan, Kluczyński Janusz
Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2 St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jun 11;18(12):2744. doi: 10.3390/ma18122744.
Compared to traditional manufacturing methods, additive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of parts with arbitrary structures, effectively addressing the challenges faced when fabricating complex geometries using conventional techniques. The dynamic development of this technology has led to the emergence of increasingly advanced materials. One of the best examples is metal-polymer composites, which allow the manufacturing of fully dense components consisting of stainless steel and titanium alloys, employing the widely available AM technology based on material extrusion (MEX). Metallic materials intended for this type of 3D printing may serve as an alternative to currently prevalent techniques including techniques like selective laser melting (SLM), owing to significantly lower equipment and material costs. Particularly applicable in low-volume production, where total costs and manufacturing time are critical factors, MEX technology of polymer-metallic composites offer relatively fast and economical AM of metal components, proving beneficial during the design of geometrically complex, and low-cost equipment. Due to the significant advancements in AM technology, this review focuses on the latest developments in the additive manufacturing of metallic components using the MEX approach. The discussion encompasses the printing process characteristics, materials tailored to this technology, and post-processing steps (debinding and sintering) necessary for obtaining fully metallic MEX components. Additionally, the article characterizes the printing process parameters and their influence on the functional characteristics of the resulting components. Finally, it presents the drawbacks of the process, identifies gaps in existing research, and outlines challenges in refining the technology.
与传统制造方法相比，增材制造（AM）能够生产具有任意结构的零件，有效解决了使用传统技术制造复杂几何形状时所面临的挑战。这项技术的不断发展促使了越来越先进的材料出现。其中一个最好的例子是金属 - 聚合物复合材料，它可以利用基于材料挤出（MEX）的广泛可用的增材制造技术制造由不锈钢和钛合金组成的全致密部件。由于设备和材料成本显著降低，用于这种3D打印的金属材料可以替代目前流行的技术，包括选择性激光熔化（SLM）等技术。聚合物 - 金属复合材料的MEX技术特别适用于小批量生产，在这种情况下，总成本和制造时间是关键因素，它提供了相对快速且经济的金属部件增材制造方法，在设计几何形状复杂且低成本的设备时被证明是有益的。由于增材制造技术的重大进步，本综述重点关注使用MEX方法进行金属部件增材制造的最新进展。讨论内容包括打印过程特性、针对该技术定制的材料以及获得全金属MEX部件所需的后处理步骤（脱脂和烧结）。此外，文章还描述了打印过程参数及其对所得部件功能特性的影响。最后，它介绍了该过程的缺点，指出了现有研究中的差距，并概述了改进该技术所面临的挑战。
