Vitamin B3 Ameliorates Sleep Duration and Quality in Clinical and Pre-Clinical Studies.

NAD is a fundamental molecule participating as a redox cofactor in several metabolic reactions and has a neuroprotective role associated with oxidate stress. Despite its critical role, NAD levels sharply decline with age, contributing to the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases. Supplementation with nicotinamide riboside (NR), also known as a form of vitamin B3, a biochemical precursor of NAD, may replenish this depletion. : Mounting evidence suggests that dietary supplementation with NR, a form of vitamin B3 and a biochemical precursor of NAD, enhances NAD bioavailability and prevents the detrimental effects on sleep, cognitive function, mitochondrial function, and insulin sensitivity. However, there is a paucity of studies focused on how NR administration affects sleep patterns. This narrative review summarizes the current state of scientific knowledge on the effects of nicotinamide riboside supplementation on sleep. : Pre-clinical studies indicate that NR enhances the performance of the clock genes BMAL1 and PER2, and ameliorates chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment, potentially by alleviating oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in microglia. NR supplementation also increased REM sleep and reduced NREM sleep by approximately 17%. In human studies, NR improved sleep efficiency in young and middle-aged male individuals with insomnia. It also improved sleep quality and reduced fatigue and drowsiness in older adults. More research is warranted to understand the impacts of NR on sleep for women. : NR supplementation is a reliable and effective alternative to boost NAD levels and may ameliorate sleep patterns.