Gao Dehang, Xing Fei, Yan Qin, Zhang Zhixiang, Zhan Binhui, Lu Meiguang, Ma Yunlong, Wang Hongqing, Li Shifang, Xie Jipeng
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jun 11;14(12):1787. doi: 10.3390/plants14121787.
Apple mosaic disease (AMD) is a widespread viral disease affecting apple-growing regions around the world. Recent studies have identified a novel ilarvirus, apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV), as the major causal agent of AMD in China. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AMD pathogenesis and the global gene expression changes during mosaic symptom development remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis to investigate apple gene responses to AMD. A total of 815 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in mosaic leaves compared to healthy controls, while 1050 DEGs were found between symptomless leaves (infected with ApNMV) and mosaic leaves. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were predominantly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, oxidation-reduction processes, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. Further biological assays demonstrated that the manifestation of mosaic symptoms in apple leaves was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and downregulation of ROS-scavenging genes. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of ApNMV-induced mosaic symptom development in apple and offer potential targets for the management of AMD.
苹果花叶病（AMD）是一种广泛传播的病毒性疾病，影响着全球苹果种植地区。最近的研究已鉴定出一种新型等轴不稳环斑病毒，即苹果坏死花叶病毒（ApNMV），是中国AMD的主要致病因子。然而，AMD发病机制的分子机制以及花叶症状发展过程中的全球基因表达变化在很大程度上仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们进行了转录组分析，以研究苹果基因对AMD的反应。与健康对照相比，在花叶叶片中总共鉴定出815个差异表达基因（DEG），而在无症状叶片（感染ApNMV）和花叶叶片之间发现了1050个DEG。功能富集分析表明，这些DEG主要参与碳水化合物代谢、氧化还原过程、次生代谢物生物合成和植物激素信号转导。进一步的生物学试验表明，苹果叶片中花叶症状的表现与活性氧（ROS）积累和ROS清除基因的下调有关。总的来说，我们的研究结果为ApNMV诱导苹果花叶症状发展的分子基础提供了新的见解，并为AMD的管理提供了潜在靶点。
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