Severity of thinness amplifies mortality risk in patients with transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

OBJECTIVES

Underweight (body mass index [BMI]<18.5 kg/m2), which is categorized into mild, moderate and severe thinness, increases mortality risk in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, the impact of the severity of thinness, especially of the severe thinness, on mortality after TAVI remains unclear.

METHODS

A total of 1804 consecutive patients with TAVI from the Japanese multicentre aortic stenosis registry were included. Of these, 60 (3.3%) patients with severe thinness, 213 (11.8%) with mild-moderate thinness and 1161 (64.4%) with normal weight were assessed for in-hospital and mid-term outcomes.

RESULTS

While there were no differences in age, male sex, malignancy or ejection fraction among the groups, the severe thinness group exhibited lower albumin and haemoglobin levels. The severe thinness group had higher in-hospital mortality (6.7% vs 0.0% vs 0.7%, P =  0.001). Median follow-up period was 4.3 [3.8-5.0] years. Cumulative all-cause mortality at 5 years was significantly higher in the severe thinness than in the mild-moderate thinness and normal-weight groups (77.9% vs 61.6% vs 44.4%, P <  0.001). The severe thinness group had a higher cumulative incidence of not only cardiac mortality (50.2% vs 35.0% vs 26.5%, P =  0.002) but also non-cardiac mortality (55.7% vs 40.9% vs 28.6%, P <  0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that severe thinness (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.00; 95%confidence interval [CI], 2.03-4.41, P <  0.001) and mild-moderate thinness (aHR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03-1.76, P =  0.027) were independent risk factors for the mid-term mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

Severe thinness increases the risk of in-hospital mortality. Moreover, the severity of thinness strongly amplifies mid-term mortality after TAVI.