Chutko L S, Yakovenko E A, Surushkina S Yu, Anisimova T I, Didur M D, Cherednichenko D V, Scheglova L V, Sosnina I B, Snegova E V
Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2025;125(6):55-61. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202512506155.
To examine time perception in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and evaluate the effectiveness of Pantogam in relation to the main symptoms of the disease and the disorder of time perception.
86 children with ADHD aged 10-13 years were observed. The study group included 56 children with a combined type of ADHD (ADHD-C) and 30 children with a predominance of inattention without hyperactivity (ADD). The control group consisted of 30 children aged 10 to 13 years without psychoneurological disorders. The following research methods were used in the work: the SNAP-IY questionnaire for a quantitative assessment of ADHD manifestations, the «Working Memory» method for assessing working memory, tasks for assessing and measuring time intervals, and a study using the «subjective minute» method to assess time perception disorders. Pantogam was used in a dose of 750 mg per day for 8 weeks to treat children with ADHD.
According to the SNAP-IY scale, the level of inattention in the study groups was significantly higher than the level of inattention in the control group, and the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity was significantly higher in children with ADHD-C compared to the ADHD group and the control group. When assessing working memory, a reliable decrease in the level of this indicator was found in children with both types of ADHD compared to the control group. Difficulties with time management, as assessed by parents, were noted in 88.4% of children in the study group and 36.7% of children in the control group. These disorders were especially pronounced in tasks requiring sustained attention (96.4% of children with ADHD-C and 73.3% of children with ADD). According to the results of tests for time perception, disturbances in time perception were revealed in both groups of children with ADHD. In ADHD-C, tachychrony was more pronounced, and for patients with ADD, it was typical to overestimate the elapsed time. When re-evaluating the condition of 56 children with ADHD-C after the end of the course of treatment with Pantogam, an improvement in the form of a reliable decrease in inattention and impulsivity, an improvement in working memory was recorded in 55.4% of cases. During a repeated study after the course of treatment, an improvement in time perception was also recorded.
Children with ADHD, in addition to the main symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity), significantly more often have pronounced problems with time management, and the normalizing effect of drugs for the treatment of ADHD is manifested not only in relation to the main symptoms of the disease, but also in relation to the normalization of time perception.
研究注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患儿的时间感知，并评估泛癸利酮（Pantogam）对该疾病主要症状及时间感知障碍的疗效。
观察86名年龄在10至13岁的ADHD患儿。研究组包括56名复合型ADHD（ADHD-C）患儿和30名以注意力不集中为主且无多动症状的ADHD（ADD）患儿。对照组由30名年龄在10至13岁、无精神神经疾病的儿童组成。本研究采用以下方法：使用SNAP-IY问卷对ADHD表现进行定量评估，采用“工作记忆”方法评估工作记忆，通过任务评估和测量时间间隔，并采用“主观分钟”法研究评估时间感知障碍。使用泛癸利酮以每日750mg的剂量对ADHD患儿进行为期8周的治疗。
根据SNAP-IY量表，研究组的注意力不集中水平显著高于对照组，且ADHD-C患儿的多动和冲动水平显著高于ADD组和对照组。在评估工作记忆时，与对照组相比，两种类型ADHD患儿的该指标水平均出现可靠下降。据家长评估，研究组88.4%的患儿存在时间管理困难，而对照组这一比例为36.7%。这些障碍在需要持续注意力的任务中尤为明显（ADHD-C患儿中96.4%，ADD患儿中73.3%）。根据时间感知测试结果，两组ADHD患儿均存在时间感知障碍。在ADHD-C患儿中，时间加速更为明显，而ADD患儿则通常高估已过去的时间。在用泛癸利酮治疗结束后对56名ADHD-C患儿的病情进行重新评估时，55.4%的病例出现了注意力不集中和冲动可靠下降形式的改善，工作记忆也有所改善。在治疗过程后的重复研究中，时间感知也有改善。
ADHD患儿除了存在主要症状（注意力不集中、多动、冲动）外，时间管理问题明显更为常见，治疗ADHD的药物的规范化作用不仅体现在该疾病的主要症状方面，还体现在时间感知的正常化方面。
