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KMT2D通过组蛋白甲基化上调SMG1,以拮抗mTOR并增强弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤铁死亡。

KMT2D upregulates SMG1 via histone methylation to antagonize mTOR and reinforce DLBCL ferroptosis.

作者信息

Sun Yongcheng, Xu Zhijuan, Wang Zanzan, Zhang Yanli, Zhang Ping, Sheng Lixia, Yang Shujun, Ouyang Guifang

机构信息

Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo 315010, China.

出版信息

J Leukoc Biol. 2025 Jul 9;117(7). doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiaf092.

Abstract

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is highly heterogeneous and prone to epigenetic mutations. Non-apoptotic cell death pathways, especially ferroptosis, have become an emerging direction for cancer treatment. This project was designed to probe into the potential of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) in modulating DLBCL ferroptosis through epigenetic mechanisms. We employed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) to detect the expression level of KMT2D, CCK-8 assay to measure cell viability, flow cytometry to assess cell cycle and apoptosis, and fluorescent probes to analyze lipid reactive oxygen species levels. 4-hydroxynonaldehyde (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde were detected by WB and corresponding kits to determine the degree of intracellular ferroptosis. The level of H3K4Me1 was determined by using WB and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we verified the transcriptional regulatory relationship between KMT2D and SMG1 through bioinformatics analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. We also applied WB to assess the activation of the AKT-mTOR pathway. Finally, the in vitro experimental results were validated by qRT-PCR, WB, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescent probe detection in a xenograft tumor model constructed in BALB/c nude mice. Overexpression of KMT2D considerably repressed the malignant behavior of DLBCL and triggered ferroptosis in cells. KMT2D was able to bind directly to the promoter region of the SMG1 gene and induce the transcriptional antagonistic mTOR pathway of SMG1 through H3K4Me1, thereby inducing ferroptosis in DLBCL cells. These findings demonstrate that KMT2D reinforces ferroptosis in DLBCL by antagonizing SMG1-mediated mTOR signaling, identifying it as a novel therapeutic target.

摘要

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)具有高度异质性且易于发生表观遗传突变。非凋亡性细胞死亡途径,尤其是铁死亡,已成为癌症治疗的一个新兴方向。本项目旨在探究组蛋白赖氨酸N-甲基转移酶2D(KMT2D)通过表观遗传机制调节DLBCL铁死亡的潜力。我们采用定量实时聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)和蛋白质免疫印迹(WB)检测KMT2D的表达水平,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,采用流式细胞术评估细胞周期和凋亡情况,采用荧光探针分析脂质活性氧水平。通过WB和相应试剂盒检测4-羟基壬烯醛(4-HNE)和丙二醛,以确定细胞内铁死亡的程度。采用WB和免疫荧光法测定H3K4Me1水平。此外,我们通过生物信息学分析、染色质免疫沉淀试验验证了KMT2D与SMG1之间的转录调控关系。我们还应用WB评估AKT-mTOR通路的激活情况。最后,通过在BALB/c裸鼠中构建的异种移植瘤模型,采用qRT-PCR、WB、免疫组织化学和荧光探针检测对体外实验结果进行验证。KMT2D的过表达显著抑制了DLBCL的恶性行为并引发细胞铁死亡。KMT2D能够直接结合到SMG1基因的启动子区域,并通过H3K4Me1诱导SMG1的转录拮抗mTOR通路,从而诱导DLBCL细胞发生铁死亡。这些发现表明,KMT2D通过拮抗SMG1介导的mTOR信号增强了DLBCL中的铁死亡,将其确定为一个新的治疗靶点。

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