Shahid Izza, Philip Jerrin, Avenatti Eleonora, Laddu Deepika, Shapiro Michael D, Khera Amit, Pandey Ambarish, Ndumele Chiadi E, Gulati Martha, Nasir Khurram, Patel Kershaw V
Division of Preventive Cardiology, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.
Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
JACC Adv. 2025 Jun;4(6 Pt 2):101788. doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101788.
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome impacts nearly all organ systems, with progressive dysfunction leading to morbidity and mortality. The high burden of CKM syndrome requires accessible, scalable, and low-cost interventions to prevent downstream complications. Nonpharmacologic interventions targeting lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity, and behavioral modification, represent the cornerstone of CKM syndrome management to prevent a progressive disease and associated adverse outcomes. Lifestyle interventions play a key role not only in primordial and primary prevention in the earlier stages of CKM syndrome (stages 0-2) but also in subclinical cardiovascular disease (stage 3) as well as prevalent cardiovascular disease (stage 4). The purpose of the present review is to describe the evidence from randomized clinical trials for specific lifestyle interventions across CKM syndrome stages. This review will explore the impact of lifestyle interventions in each CKM syndrome stage and how they impact interrelated systems.
心血管-肾脏-代谢（CKM）综合征几乎影响所有器官系统，功能逐渐失调会导致发病和死亡。CKM综合征的高负担需要可及、可扩展且低成本的干预措施来预防下游并发症。针对饮食、身体活动和行为改变等生活方式因素的非药物干预是CKM综合征管理的基石，以预防疾病进展和相关不良后果。生活方式干预不仅在CKM综合征早期阶段（0-2期）的一级预防和初级预防中发挥关键作用，在亚临床心血管疾病（3期）以及显性心血管疾病（4期）中也同样如此。本综述的目的是描述针对CKM综合征各阶段特定生活方式干预的随机临床试验证据。本综述将探讨生活方式干预在CKM综合征各阶段的影响以及它们如何影响相互关联的系统。
