ChatGPT在HIV感染咨询与知识普及中的应用
Use of ChatGPT in HIV Infection Counselling and Literacy.
作者信息
Ganicho José, Carlos Maria, Cristóvão Gonçalo, Cruz Claudina, Leal Marta, Garrote Ana Raquel, Bento Diogo, Seixas Diana, Manata Maria José, Maltez Fernando
机构信息
Infectious Diseases Department. Hospital de Curry Cabral. Unidade Local de Saúde de São José. Lisbon. Portugal.
Infectious Diseases Department. Hospital de Curry Cabral. Unidade Local de Saúde de São José. Lisbon. Portugal; Environmental Health Institute. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon. Portugal.
出版信息
Acta Med Port. 2025 Jun 2;38(6-7):385-392. doi: 10.20344/amp.22805.
INTRODUCTION
Artificial intelligence is an area that has been transforming various sectors of society. One of these tools is ChatGPT (chat generative pre-trained transformer), a large language model-based platform developed to understand language patterns and generate answers. The accessibility, answers in real-time, and privacy make ChatGPT a platform with enormous potential in health counseling. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of ChatGPT in health counseling and literacy regarding HIV infection and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
METHODS
A team of five experts in infectious diseases was consulted regarding the five most frequently asked questions by patients regarding initial HIV diagnosis and PrEP. The questions were submitted to the ChatGPT-4 version and the quality of the answers was reviewed based on a Likert scale from 1 to 5 (from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree'). The evaluation of the expert's team followed a set of eight criteria: accuracy, clarity, relevance, depth, objectivity, conciseness, timeliness, and suitability for the target audience.
RESULTS
The five most frequently asked questions by patients regarding HIV infection and the mean evaluation of the answers were: "What does it mean to have HIV? Will I die sooner?" (4.25), "Does HIV infection have a cure? Will I ever be able to stop taking medication?" (4.35), "Can I transmit my infection to other people? How to avoid it?" (4.03), "What are the adverse effects of the antiretroviral treatment?" (3.53), "Can I have unprotected sexual relationships? What are the risks?" (4.53). Regarding PrEP, the more frequently asked questions were: "I want to start pre-exposure prophylaxis. Is it safe?" (4.58), "What are the different regimens of pre-exposure prophylaxis?" (4.63), "After I start taking pre-exposure prophylaxis, do I have to take it forever?" (3.95), "What are the adverse effects of pre-exposure prophylaxis?" (4.63), "Does pre-exposure prophylaxis protect against other sexually transmitted infections or do I have to use condoms?" (4.60).
CONCLUSION
Only two answers received a rating below four on the 1 - 5 Likert scale, highlighting ChatGPT's potential as a promising tool for health counselling and literacy, provided ethical and legal concerns are effectively addressed.
引言
人工智能是一个一直在改变社会各个领域的领域。其中一个工具是ChatGPT（聊天生成预训练变换器），这是一个基于大语言模型开发的平台，用于理解语言模式并生成答案。其易获取性、实时回答和隐私性使ChatGPT成为一个在健康咨询方面具有巨大潜力的平台。本研究的目的是探讨ChatGPT在关于艾滋病毒感染和暴露前预防（PrEP）的健康咨询及知识普及方面的潜力。
方法
就患者关于初始艾滋病毒诊断和PrEP最常问的五个问题，咨询了一个由五名传染病专家组成的团队。这些问题被提交给ChatGPT-4版本，并根据从1到5的李克特量表（从“强烈不同意”到“强烈同意”）对答案质量进行评估。专家团队的评估遵循一套八项标准：准确性、清晰度、相关性、深度、客观性、简洁性、及时性以及对目标受众的适用性。
结果
患者关于艾滋病毒感染最常问的五个问题及答案的平均评估如下：“感染艾滋病毒意味着什么？我会早死吗？”（4.25），“艾滋病毒感染能治愈吗？我能停止服药吗？”（4.35），“我能将感染传染给其他人吗？如何避免？”（4.03），“抗逆转录病毒治疗有哪些副作用？”（3.53），“我可以进行无保护的性行为吗？有哪些风险？”（4.53）。关于PrEP，最常问的问题有：“我想开始暴露前预防。安全吗？”（4.58），“暴露前预防有哪些不同的方案？”（4.63），“我开始服用暴露前预防后，必须一直服用吗？”（3.95），“暴露前预防有哪些副作用？”（4.63），“暴露前预防能预防其他性传播感染吗？还是我必须使用避孕套？”（4.60）。
结论
在1 - 李克特量表中，只有两个答案的评分低于四分，这突出了ChatGPT作为健康咨询和知识普及的有前景工具的潜力，前提是能有效解决伦理和法律问题。
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