The effect of graphene oxide-polyethylene glycol on lung cell and treatment of sulforaphane.

This study explores the cytotoxic and biochemical effects of PEGylated graphene oxide (GO-PEG) nanoparticles, sulforaphane, and Raphanus sativus L. (black radish) juice on BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Sulforaphane was extracted from radish juice through pH-adjusted aqueous treatment followed by organic solvent extraction, and quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 202 nm, with a retention time of 11.0 min. GO-PEG nanoparticles produced from graphites (50 nm and 400 nm) were tested at concentrations ranging from 50-225 μg mL and 100-1000 μg mL to have IC values, respectively. Sulforaphane and black radish juice were also administered. The MTT assay revealed IC values of 8.7 μg mL for sulforaphane, 197.0 mg mL for black radish juice, 175.8 μg mL for GO-PEG (50 nm), and 650.6 μg mL for GO-PEG (400 nm). Biochemical analyses showed that sulforaphane and radish juice decreased IL-6 levels and increased antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH-Px and CAT). These results highlight the therapeutic potential of GO-PEG, sulforaphane, and black radish juice for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant applications.