Crepaldi Maura, Zambetti Elisa, Lanfranchi Fiorella, Zenoni Emanuela, Bariletti Irene, Quarenghi Francesco, Viscardi Luigina, Rizzola Ginevra, Regazzoni Valentina, Bigoni Alessandra, Brivio Francesca, Anselmi Kaiser Massimiliano, Soddu Irma Maria, Giudici Vittorio, Greco Andrea
Università degli Studi di Bergamo - Dipartimento di Scienze Umane e Sociali, Bergamo, Italy.
Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Bergamo Est - Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Psicologia, Seriate (Bergamo), Italy.
Front Psychol. 2025 Jun 13;16:1592591. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1592591. eCollection 2025.
The relationship between psychological factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied, with a focus on predictive factors and patients' responses in the acute and chronic phases. However, less is known about the impact of specific psychological treatments on the psychological status of patients in cardiovascular rehabilitation.
This study compares anxiety, depression and illness perception in patients with different CVD at three-time points: baseline (T0), end of the rehabilitation program (T1), and 3 months later (T2). One hundred and eighty-one patients in cardiovascular rehabilitation participated at three psychological treatments: psychoeducational intervention group, progressive muscle relaxation training with Jacobson's technique and imaginative stabilization techniques, and individual counseling. The study included patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), heart failure (HF), or undergoing cardiac surgery (CS), undergoing cardiovascular rehabilitation at ASST Bergamo Est between January and August 2023. Levels of anxiety, depression, and illness perception were measured by HADS and Brief-IPQ.
Significant differences were observed between T0, T1, and T2 in the three psychological treatments, with individual counseling showing the greatest improvements in anxiety, depression, and illness perception.
The study shows that individual counseling significantly reduces the levels of depression and anxiety, while promoting a healthier perception of the disease in comparison with the other two psychological treatments offered. This process is critical to improving the psychological well-being of patients, and these results could be useful to better address health care policies.
心理因素与心血管疾病（CVD）之间的关系已得到广泛研究，重点在于预测因素以及患者在急性期和慢性期的反应。然而，对于特定心理治疗对心血管康复患者心理状态的影响知之甚少。
本研究在三个时间点比较了不同心血管疾病患者的焦虑、抑郁和疾病认知：基线（T0）、康复计划结束时（T1）和三个月后（T2）。181名参加心血管康复的患者接受了三种心理治疗：心理教育干预组、采用雅各布森技术的渐进性肌肉松弛训练和想象稳定技术，以及个体咨询。该研究纳入了2023年1月至8月在贝加莫东部ASST接受心血管康复的急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）、心力衰竭（HF）或接受心脏手术（CS）的患者。焦虑、抑郁和疾病认知水平通过医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）和简短疾病认知问卷（Brief-IPQ）进行测量。
在三种心理治疗中，T0、T1和T2之间观察到显著差异，个体咨询在焦虑、抑郁和疾病认知方面显示出最大改善。
该研究表明，与提供的其他两种心理治疗相比，个体咨询显著降低了抑郁和焦虑水平，同时促进了对疾病更健康的认知。这一过程对于改善患者的心理健康至关重要，这些结果可能有助于更好地制定医疗保健政策。
