Reguera-Hernández Christian, Valdez-González Jonathan, Garza-Silva Arnulfo, Fernández-Chau Iván Francisco, Moreno-Estrada Larissa Annet, Garza-Rodríguez Carolina, González-Cantú Arnulfo, Sanz-Sánchez Miguel Ángel, Rivera-Cavazos Andrea, Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena
Teaching and Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Léon México.
Medical School, Vice-Rectory of Health Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo Léon México.
J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2025 Jun 26;24(2):158. doi: 10.1007/s40200-025-01662-0. eCollection 2025 Dec.
To compare differences in fetal biometry and obstetric outcomes between healthy pregnant women (group 1) vs. those with prediabetes (group 2), type 2 diabetes mellitus (group 3), and gestational diabetes (group 4) with an adequate metabolic control throughout their pregnancy at a hospital in Northern Mexico.
A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including pregnant women evaluated between 2021 and 2023. We compared the area under the curve (AUC) for biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) during the second and third trimesters. Obstetric outcomes were also evaluated.
A total of 476 pregnant women were included: 268 in group 1, 88 in group 2, 13 in group 3, and 62 in group 4. Groups 2 and 3 had median HbA1c levels below 6.3% in the three trimesters. No significant differences were observed in the AUC calculated for the EFW, AC, FL, BPD, and AFI. However, women with T2DM had a smaller effect size for AUC of the EFW, FL, and BPD than other groups (Cohen's d = 0.20, d = 0.22, d = 0.26, respectively). The Cohen's d of neonatal birth weight was 0.22 for the prediabetes group, 0.27 for the T2DM group, and 0.12 for the GDM group. No difference was observed in obstetric outcomes.
Fetuses of women with T2DM showed smaller AUC values for fetal biometric parameters and neonatal birth weight compared to those of healthy women, even when adequate metabolic control was achieved, in a population with a high prevalence of metabolic disorders.
在墨西哥北部一家医院，比较健康孕妇（第1组）与妊娠前糖尿病孕妇（第2组）、2型糖尿病孕妇（第3组）和妊娠期糖尿病孕妇（第4组）在整个孕期代谢控制良好的情况下，胎儿生物测量和产科结局的差异。
进行了一项回顾性队列研究，纳入2021年至2023年期间接受评估的孕妇。我们比较了孕中期和孕晚期双顶径（BPD）、腹围（AC）、股骨长度（FL）和估计胎儿体重（EFW）的曲线下面积（AUC）。还评估了产科结局。
共纳入476名孕妇：第1组268名，第2组88名，第3组13名，第4组62名。第2组和第3组在三个孕期的糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平中位数均低于6.3%。在计算的EFW、AC、FL、BPD和羊水指数（AFI）的AUC中未观察到显著差异。然而，与其他组相比，2型糖尿病孕妇的EFW、FL和BPD的AUC效应量较小（Cohen's d分别为0.20、0.22、0.26）。妊娠前糖尿病组新生儿出生体重的Cohen's d为0.22，2型糖尿病组为0.27，妊娠期糖尿病组为0.12。产科结局方面未观察到差异。
在代谢紊乱患病率较高的人群中，即使实现了充分的代谢控制，2型糖尿病孕妇的胎儿生物测量参数和新生儿出生体重的AUC值仍低于健康孕妇。
