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用于快速高效给药的舌下微型机器人药丸。

Sublingual microrobotic pills for rapid and efficient drug delivery.

作者信息

Askarinam Nelly, Chen Chuanrui, Vo Vivian, Casares Michael, Wu Kyra, Shen Ethan, Iskandarani Majd, de la Asunción-Nadal Víctor, Chang An-Yi, Yamamoto Tomohiro, Sage-Sepulveda Janna Sofia, Öndeş Baha, Zhou Zhenning, Yan Zike, Qualliotine Jesse, Wang Joseph

机构信息

Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA

University of California San Diego, School of Medicine La Jolla California 92093 USA.

出版信息

Nanoscale Adv. 2025 Jun 23;7(15):4730-4739. doi: 10.1039/d5na00313j. eCollection 2025 Jul 22.

Abstract

Rapid drug delivery is critical in emergency medical circumstances where delays can result in adverse or life-threatening outcomes. The sublingual route holds significant promise for the swift systemic delivery of drugs, but is limited by slow passive diffusion mechanisms that hinder efficient drug transport. To address these challenges, we introduce here a novel sublingual microrobotic pill platform designed for rapid and efficient drug delivery. Our system incorporates magnesium-based microstirrers that accelerate pill disintegration and drug release an active propulsion mechanism. Such bubble-propelled microstirrers generate strong hydrodynamic flows, enhancing local mixing and drug transport, allowing them to overcome the limitations of traditional diffusion-dominated delivery systems. Optimized through studies, this platform demonstrated robust motion capabilities in complex human saliva and accelerated drug release kinetics. In a rabbit model, using epinephrine as the model drug, the sublingual microrobotic pill achieved significantly faster drug delivery speed, efficiency, and bioavailability compared to a conventional pill. Moreover, when compared against the gold standard intramuscular injections, the microstirring pill provides competitive delivery speed and enhanced absorption profile, demonstrating its potential for use in the treatment of conditions like anaphylactic shock. Such user-friendly, non-invasive sublingual microrobotic pills can be readily employed for delivering a wide range of drugs, offering a versatile solution for acute conditions requiring rapid therapeutic onset or when enteral absorption is not feasible.

摘要

在紧急医疗情况下,快速给药至关重要,因为延误可能导致不良后果或危及生命。舌下给药途径对于药物的快速全身递送具有巨大潜力,但受到缓慢的被动扩散机制的限制,这种机制阻碍了药物的有效运输。为应对这些挑战,我们在此引入一种新型的舌下微型机器人药丸平台,旨在实现快速高效的药物递送。我们的系统集成了基于镁的微型搅拌器,可加速药丸崩解和药物释放——这是一种主动推进机制。这种气泡驱动的微型搅拌器会产生强大的流体动力流,增强局部混合和药物运输,使它们能够克服传统扩散主导的递送系统的局限性。通过优化研究,该平台在复杂的人类唾液中展现出强大的运动能力,并加速了药物释放动力学。在兔模型中,以肾上腺素作为模型药物,与传统药丸相比,舌下微型机器人药丸实现了显著更快的给药速度、效率和生物利用度。此外,与金标准的肌肉注射相比,微型搅拌药丸提供了具有竞争力的递送速度和增强的吸收曲线,证明了其在治疗过敏性休克等病症中的应用潜力。这种用户友好、非侵入性的舌下微型机器人药丸可方便地用于递送多种药物,为需要快速治疗起效或肠道吸收不可行的急性病症提供了一种通用解决方案。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5615/12282338/da34d29d4018/d5na00313j-f1.jpg

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