Jaenisch R
Nature. 1985;318(6042):181-3. doi: 10.1038/318181a0.
The production of chimaeric mice by aggregating pre-implantation mouse embryos or by injection of cells into the blastocyst has been of great value in analysing the regulation of early mammalian development and in dissecting the relationships of early cell lineages. While the totipotent cells of the pre-implantation embryo can be grown in vitro and thus are readily accessible to experimental manipulation, this is not possible after the embryo has implanted into the uterus. This problem has severely hampered the analysis of cell migration and of cell lineage relationships in later stages of mammalian development. In contrast, the chicken embryo can be manipulated experimentally throughout embryo-genesis and this has made the bird a favourable system for studying patterns of cell migration in the development of higher vertebrates. In mammals, the introduction of retroviruses and haematopoietic cells has provided two means of probing post-implantation development by direct intervention. I report here that cultured neural crest cells, when microinjected into 9-day-old mouse embryos, can migrate over considerable distances and participate in normal development, and the resulting chimaeric animals show pigmentation derived from the donor cells in hair and iris. The introduction of cells into post-implantation embryos may provide the means of studying patterns of cell migration in mammalian development at a level of sophistication which so far has been restricted to the chicken system.
通过聚合植入前小鼠胚胎或将细胞注射到囊胚中来产生嵌合小鼠，在分析早期哺乳动物发育的调控以及剖析早期细胞谱系的关系方面具有重要价值。虽然植入前胚胎的全能细胞可以在体外培养，因此易于进行实验操作，但在胚胎植入子宫后就无法做到这一点了。这个问题严重阻碍了对哺乳动物发育后期细胞迁移和细胞谱系关系的分析。相比之下，鸡胚胎在整个胚胎发育过程中都可以进行实验操作，这使得鸟类成为研究高等脊椎动物发育过程中细胞迁移模式的有利系统。在哺乳动物中，逆转录病毒和造血细胞的引入提供了两种通过直接干预来探究植入后发育的方法。我在此报告，当将培养的神经嵴细胞显微注射到9日龄小鼠胚胎中时，它们可以迁移相当长的距离并参与正常发育，并且所产生的嵌合动物在毛发和虹膜中显示出来自供体细胞的色素沉着。将细胞引入植入后胚胎可能提供一种手段，以目前仅限于鸡系统的精细程度来研究哺乳动物发育过程中的细胞迁移模式。
