Hertrich Anna Carola, Briegel Janika, Weeverink Nadine, Naendrup Jan-Hendrik, Hoffmann Julian
Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Zentrum für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.
Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2025 Jun 30. doi: 10.1007/s00063-025-01302-8.
Intensive care medicine represents a highly complex and labor-intensive field that entails unique physical, psychological and structural challenges for both physicians and nursing personnel. The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the working conditions in German intensive care units (ICUs), with a particular focus on differences between professional groups, hospital types and individual characteristics, such as gender, professional experience and training level.
Using a German language online questionnaire a total of 753 ICU personnel from all professional groups were surveyed regarding working conditions, workload and job satisfaction. Recruitment was conducted via professional societies and social media.
The results reveal significant differences in job satisfaction depending on the nurse-to-patient ratio, employment level, professional experience and gender. Nursing personnel with a favorable staffing ratio (1:2) reported higher satisfaction and lower stress levels. Younger and less experienced staff reported insufficient preparation, increased stress and lower satisfaction with training and continuing education. Physicians in training, and especially female staff members, more frequently reported having to perform tasks without adequate preparation. Furthermore, gender-based disparities were observed regarding recognition and assumption of responsibility.
The findings highlight the urgent need for structural reformation to improve working conditions in ICUs. Key areas for action include structured onboarding, flexible work schedule models, targeted support for junior staff and gender equity as well as improvements in interprofessional collaboration and staffing levels.
重症监护医学是一个高度复杂且劳动强度大的领域，对医生和护理人员而言都带来了独特的身体、心理和结构方面的挑战。本研究的目的是系统分析德国重症监护病房（ICU）的工作条件，特别关注专业群体、医院类型以及性别、专业经验和培训水平等个人特征之间的差异。
通过一份德语在线问卷，对来自所有专业群体的753名ICU人员进行了关于工作条件、工作量和工作满意度的调查。招募通过专业协会和社交媒体进行。
结果显示，工作满意度因护士与患者的比例、就业水平、专业经验和性别而存在显著差异。人员配备比例良好（1:2）的护理人员报告了更高的满意度和更低的压力水平。年轻且经验不足的员工报告准备不足、压力增加以及对培训和继续教育的满意度较低。接受培训的医生，尤其是女性员工，更频繁地报告不得不未经充分准备就执行任务。此外，在认可和承担责任方面观察到了基于性别的差异。
研究结果凸显了对ICU工作条件进行结构改革的迫切需求。关键行动领域包括结构化入职培训、灵活的工作时间表模式、对初级员工的针对性支持和性别平等，以及改善跨专业协作和人员配备水平。
