Jenik Kristof, Rodríguez-Ramos Tania, Sanyaolu Adebisi, Dixon Brian, DeWitte-Orr Stephanie
Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2025 Oct;165:110524. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110524. Epub 2025 Jun 28.
Understanding the induction patterns for rainbow trout type I interferon and inflammatory markers is essential for the development of new antipathogenic therapeutics and vaccines as well as enhancing aquaculture productivity and biosecurity. Type I interferons (ex. ifn1) and interferon stimulated genes (ex. vig-3) as well as inflammatory markers such as interferon gamma (ifn-γ) and interleukin 1beta (il-1β) all play a crucial role in protecting rainbow trout against pathogen infection. One strategy to better understand how fish defend themselves is by studying the effects of synthetic viral dsRNA analogues such as polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly IC) on the fish innate immune response. The current work utilizes a phytoglycogen-based nanoparticle (Nanodendrix; NDx) to enhance the immunostimulatory effects of poly IC in three rainbow trout cell lines derived from monocyte/macrophages (RTS11), gonads (RTG-2) and gill (RTgill-W1). Variations in innate immune responses were observed between cell lines, between poly IC and poly IC + NDx treatment groups and between transcript, protein and antiviral response levels of study. The poly IC + NDx complex demonstrated prolonged immune stimulation up to 96h post-treatment and exhibited significant inhibition of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) replication. These findings highlight the potential of poly IC + NDx complexes as a novel antiviral therapeutic approach for future in vitro and in vivo studies.
了解虹鳟鱼I型干扰素和炎症标志物的诱导模式对于开发新的抗病原体治疗方法和疫苗以及提高水产养殖生产力和生物安全性至关重要。I型干扰素（如ifn1）、干扰素刺激基因（如vig-3）以及炎症标志物如干扰素γ（ifn-γ）和白细胞介素1β（il-1β）在保护虹鳟鱼免受病原体感染方面都起着关键作用。更好地了解鱼类如何自我防御的一种策略是研究合成病毒双链RNA类似物如聚肌苷酸：聚胞苷酸（poly IC）对鱼类先天免疫反应的影响。目前的工作利用基于植物糖原的纳米颗粒（Nanodendrix；NDx）来增强聚肌苷酸在三种源自单核细胞/巨噬细胞（RTS11）、性腺（RTG-2）和鳃（RTgill-W1）的虹鳟鱼细胞系中的免疫刺激作用。在细胞系之间、聚肌苷酸和聚肌苷酸+NDx处理组之间以及研究的转录本、蛋白质和抗病毒反应水平之间观察到先天免疫反应的差异。聚肌苷酸+NDx复合物在处理后长达96小时表现出延长的免疫刺激，并对传染性胰腺坏死病毒（IPNV）复制表现出显著抑制。这些发现突出了聚肌苷酸+NDx复合物作为一种新型抗病毒治疗方法在未来体外和体内研究中的潜力。
