In this study, an innovative strategy to synthesize a sustainable composite photocatalyst by integrating rice husk biochar (RHB), derived through the thermal conversion of agricultural biomass, with titanium dioxide (TiO) for the enhanced photodegradation of Congo red (CR) dye has been demonstrated. The RHB-TiO composite was systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) to confirm its structural, morphological, and optical properties. Photocatalytic degradation studies under UV irradiation revealed a marked enhancement in CR dye removal efficiency compared to pristine TiO. Optimization of process parameters-catalyst dosage, initial dye concentration, and pH-demonstrated maximum degradation at neutral pH within 60 min. Kinetic modeling confirmed pseudo-first-order reaction behavior with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99. The superior performance of the RHB-TiO composite is attributed to its increased surface area, improved adsorption, and enhanced charge separation. This work underscores the potential of RHB-TiO as a cost-effective and eco-friendly photocatalyst for degrading hazardous dyes in wastewater, contributing to environmental and public health protection.