Şahin Muradiye, Arslan Yasin, Atasoy Muhammet, Sillanpää Mika
Department of Chemistry, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey.
Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
Water Environ Res. 2025 Jun;97(6):e70113. doi: 10.1002/wer.70113.
Evaluation of organic wastes originating from livestock as biochar is of great importance in terms of both economic and environmentally friendly sustainable material production. In this study, cow manure (C), an animal waste, was used for biochar (BC) production. The obtained biochar was activated with Fe₃O₄ and given magnetic properties (CmBC-Fe₃O₄), then modified with a Zn(II)-based coordination polymer (ZnMOF) to synthesize a hybrid material, CmBC-Fe₃O₄@ZnMOF. The synthesis of this innovative hybrid material was carried out in two stages: In the first stage, CmBC-FeO was obtained by in situ synthesis method. In the second stage, it was modified with ZnMOF synthesized by solvothermal method to obtain the innovative adsorbent of CmBC-FeO@ZnMOF hybrid material. The synthesized CmBC-Fe₃O₄, ZnMOF, and CmBC-Fe₃O₄@ZnMOF were characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), TG/DTA, and BET analyses. Based on kinetic feasibility, CmBC-FeO@ZnMOF has the highest removal efficiency. The removal efficiencies of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Mn(II) in the synthetic water sample were found to be 81.39%, 69.52%, 58.47%, and 32.53%, respectively. On the other hand, the corresponding removal efficiencies in the milk sample were found to be 64.63%, 43.02%, 30.62%, and 19.27%, respectively. Isotherm (Dubinin-Radushkevich, Freundlich, and Langmuir) and kinetic (Elovich, Ho-McKay, and Lagergren) models were used and mostly fit with Ho-McKay second-order rate equation and the Freundlich isotherm model. In addition, the reusability studies were carried out in three cycles, and it was observed that it can be used after three cycles without losing its efficiency. It was concluded that the CmBC-FeO@ZnMOF hybrid material is an effective adsorbent with the potential to remove heavy metals from both water and milk solutions and its selectivity for Pb(II) and Cd(II) is higher than that for Cu(II), and Mn(II). SUMMARY: Hybrid material (CmBC-FeO@ZnMOF) structures combining unit cells with different adsorption capacities. Zn(II)-based coordination polymer (ZnMOF) and activated magnetic biochar (CmBC-FeO) were used to evaluate their performance on heavy metal removal from milk and synthetic water samples. CmBC-FeO was synthesized by a one-step in situ synthesis method and ZnMOF by solvothermal method. CmBC-FeO@ZnMOF showed excellent and selective adsorption capacity especially for Pb(II) and Cd(II). The removal efficiencies for Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Mn(II) in synthetic water sample were found to be 81.39%, 69.52%, 58.47%, and 32.53%, respectively. The removal efficiencies for Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Mn(II) in milk sample were found to be 64.63%, 43.02%, 30.62%, and 19.27%, respectively.
评估源自牲畜的有机废物作为生物炭在经济和环境友好的可持续材料生产方面具有重要意义。在本研究中,牛粪(C)这种动物粪便被用于生产生物炭(BC)。将获得的生物炭用Fe₃O₄活化并赋予其磁性(CmBC-Fe₃O₄),然后用基于Zn(II)的配位聚合物(ZnMOF)进行改性以合成一种杂化材料CmBC-Fe₃O₄@ZnMOF。这种创新杂化材料的合成分两个阶段进行:在第一阶段,通过原位合成法获得CmBC-FeO。在第二阶段,用通过溶剂热法合成的ZnMOF对其进行改性以获得CmBC-FeO@ZnMOF杂化材料的创新吸附剂。通过配备能量色散X射线光谱仪的扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDX)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、TG/DTA和BET分析对合成的CmBC-Fe₃O₄、ZnMOF和CmBC-Fe₃O₄@ZnMOF进行了表征。基于动力学可行性,CmBC-FeO@ZnMOF具有最高的去除效率。合成水样中Pb(II)、Cd(II)、Cu(II)和Mn(II)的去除效率分别为81.39%、69.52%、58.47%和32.53%。另一方面,牛奶样品中的相应去除效率分别为64.63%、43.02%、30.62%和19.27%。使用了等温线(Dubinin-Radushkevich、Freundlich和Langmuir)和动力学(Elovich、Ho-McKay和Lagergren)模型,并且大多符合Ho-McKay二级速率方程和Freundlich等温线模型。此外,进行了三个循环的可重复使用性研究,观察到经过三个循环后仍可使用且不损失其效率。得出的结论是,CmBC-FeO@ZnMOF杂化材料是一种有效的吸附剂,具有从水和牛奶溶液中去除重金属的潜力,并且其对Pb(II)和Cd(II)的选择性高于对Cu(II)和Mn(II)的选择性。总结:结合具有不同吸附能力的晶胞的杂化材料(CmBC-FeO@ZnMOF)结构。基于Zn(II)的配位聚合物(ZnMOF)和活化磁性生物炭(CmBC-FeO)被用于评估它们对牛奶和合成水样中重金属去除的性能。CmBC-FeO通过一步原位合成法合成,ZnMOF通过溶剂热法合成。CmBC-FeO@ZnMOF表现出优异的选择性吸附能力,特别是对Pb(II)和Cd(II)。合成水样中Pb(II)、Cd(II)、Cu(II)和Mn(II)的去除效率分别为81.39%、69.52%、58.47%和32.53%。牛奶样品中Pb(II)、Cd(II)、Cu(II)和Mn(II)的去除效率分别为64.63%、43.02%、30.62%和19.27%。
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