Gunes Sezgin, Hekim Neslihan, Ergun Sercan, Alkan Elzem Nisa, Can Cansu
Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye.
Stem Cell Application and Research Center, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2025;75:3-24. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-91459-1_1.
Post-translational modifications (PTM) involve chemical modifications of amino acid residues within histone and non-histone proteins and are chemically diverse. PTM plays a vital role in regulating the chromatin structure in the nucleus, thus gene regulation. Among the various PTM, reversible acetylation of histone non-histone proteins has fundamental functions in various cellular processes. In all organisms, histone acetylation of lysine residues is connected with transcription activation. Acetyltransferases and deacetylases are well-known enzymes in the acetylation of the histone and non-histone proteins. This chapter will review the latest progress in histone and non-histone reversible acetylation epigenetic alterations and mechanisms and summarize how they affect development, aging, and diseases.
翻译后修饰（PTM）涉及组蛋白和非组蛋白内氨基酸残基的化学修饰，且化学性质多样。PTM在调节细胞核内的染色质结构从而调控基因方面起着至关重要的作用。在各种PTM中，组蛋白和非组蛋白的可逆乙酰化在多种细胞过程中具有基本功能。在所有生物体中，赖氨酸残基的组蛋白乙酰化与转录激活相关。乙酰转移酶和去乙酰化酶是组蛋白和非组蛋白乙酰化过程中广为人知的酶。本章将综述组蛋白和非组蛋白可逆乙酰化表观遗传改变及机制的最新进展，并总结它们如何影响发育、衰老和疾病。
