Chen Lei, Chen Huan, Lv Tian, Guo Xiaolei, Wu Weiwei, Zhao Deyu, Liu Feng
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):20458. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-04847-y.
Recent advancements in respiratory microbiota research have progressively elucidated their pivotal role in pediatric respiratory pathologies. Alterations in airway microbial communities are intricately associated with diverse respiratory conditions and distinct disease states. This study conducted a comparative analysis of respiratory microecological profiles in pediatric cohorts diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), stratified by the presence or absence of comorbid bronchial asthma, from whom nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained for metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Analyses revealed comparable alpha-diversity indices between groups; however, beta-diversity metrics demonstrated marked compositional divergence. In the asthma-CAP cohort, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Rothia mucilaginosa emerged as predominant taxa, whereas Mycoplasmoides pneumoniae and Trichoderma citrinoviride dominated microbial profiles in uncomplicated CAP patients.
呼吸微生物群研究的最新进展逐步阐明了它们在儿童呼吸道疾病中的关键作用。气道微生物群落的改变与多种呼吸道疾病和不同的疾病状态密切相关。本研究对诊断为社区获得性肺炎（CAP）的儿童队列的呼吸道微生态特征进行了比较分析，根据是否合并支气管哮喘进行分层，从这些儿童中获取鼻咽抽吸物进行宏基因组下一代测序（mNGS）。分析显示各组之间的α多样性指数相当；然而，β多样性指标显示出明显的组成差异。在哮喘合并CAP队列中，肺炎链球菌和黏液罗氏菌是主要的分类群，而在单纯CAP患者中，肺炎支原体和黄绿木霉在微生物谱中占主导地位。
