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钛扩散周期性极化铌酸锂波导中导基模的空间变化极化

Spatially varying polarization of guided fundamental mode in a titanium indiffused periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide.

作者信息

Moeini Nasrin, Nouroozi Rahman

机构信息

Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Yousef Sobouti Blvd., 45137-66731, Zanjan, Iran.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21056. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08007-0.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-08007-0
PMID:40596318
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12216872/
Abstract

The spatially varying polarization behavior of an optical guided mode in a Ti-indiffused lithium niobate (Ti:LiNbO[Formula: see text]) waveguide is investigated. Ti indiffusion causes different rates of increase for the ordinary ([Formula: see text]) and extraordinary ([Formula: see text]) refractive indices in the waveguide, creating a distinct birefringence ([Formula: see text]). The calculated results indicate the formation of C-points and L-lines in the generated spatially varying polarization guided modes (SVPGMs) at specific propagation lengths. Since controlling and tuning SVPGMs via propagation alone is challenging, electro-optical control and tuning of the generated SVPGMs in a Ti-indiffused periodically poled lithium niobate (Ti:PPLN) waveguide are proposed and theoretically investigated. The obtained results confirm full tunability of the SVPGMs. As an example, a 46.5 V applied voltage is required to convert an input vertical vector mode into a horizontal one, accompanied by several L-line singularities, in a 5 mm-long waveguide.

摘要

研究了钛扩散铌酸锂（Ti:LiNbO₃）波导中光学导模的空间变化偏振行为。钛扩散导致波导中寻常（o）和非寻常（e）折射率的增加速率不同，从而产生明显的双折射（Δn）。计算结果表明，在特定传播长度下，所产生的空间变化偏振导模（SVPGMs）中形成了C点和L线。由于仅通过传播来控制和调谐SVPGMs具有挑战性，因此提出并从理论上研究了在钛扩散周期性极化铌酸锂（Ti:PPLN）波导中对所产生的SVPGMs进行电光控制和调谐。所得结果证实了SVPGMs的完全可调谐性。例如，在一个5毫米长的波导中，需要施加46.5伏的电压才能将输入的垂直矢量模式转换为水平模式，并伴有几个L线奇点。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/eb6519420e2e/41598_2025_8007_Fig10_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/4fce76ab48e2/41598_2025_8007_Fig1_HTML.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/a58e1ccdbd12/41598_2025_8007_Fig5_HTML.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/6c697864c7f0/41598_2025_8007_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/eb6519420e2e/41598_2025_8007_Fig10_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/4fce76ab48e2/41598_2025_8007_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/67aecdeb7e3d/41598_2025_8007_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/8e04cb5c5a43/41598_2025_8007_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/f1c62f587e8a/41598_2025_8007_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/a58e1ccdbd12/41598_2025_8007_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/77931b3221d7/41598_2025_8007_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/20f3e2b0273b/41598_2025_8007_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/2f1b409d7e20/41598_2025_8007_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/6c697864c7f0/41598_2025_8007_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4754/12216872/eb6519420e2e/41598_2025_8007_Fig10_HTML.jpg

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