Zhang Panpan, Zhang Yang, Sun Zenghui
Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an, 710075, China.
Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21678. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06836-7.
A six-year field experiment was conducted in the Loess Plateau to explore the impacts of five planting patterns, namely fallow(C0), continuous maize cropping(C1), continuous alfalfa cropping(C2), maize-sorghum-sorghum-millet (cereal) rotation(C3), and kidney bean-sorghum-sorghum-millet (legume-cereal) rotation(C4), on different forms of soil carbon. The results showed that, compared with the C0 pattern, long-term continuous cropping or rotation of different crops significantly increased the mass fractions of various forms of carbon in the 0-40 cm soil layer. Specifically, the total carbon increased by 57.11 - 122.52%, the organic carbon increased by 81.93 - 244.12%, the inorganic carbon mass fraction increased by 29.52 - 39.25%, and the light fraction organic carbon showed the most prominent increase, being 3-11 times that of the C0 pattern. In the soil layers from 0 to 15 cm, there were differences among different planting patterns. Under the C2 pattern, the mass fractions of soil total carbon, organic carbon, and light-fraction organic carbon were the highest, followed by those under the C3 and C4 patterns, while those under the C1 pattern were relatively low. The performance of inorganic carbon was different. The C2 pattern only increased the inorganic carbon content in the 0-5 cm soil layer. As the soil depth increased, the contents of various types of carbon decreased, and the decrease rate of C2 were the largest. In summary, long-term continuous alfalfa cropping is an effective approach to increasing soil carbon in dry lands, especially organic carbon and light fraction organic carbon. However, this effect is mainly concentrated in the surface soil above 15 cm. When comparing continuous cropping and rotation, rotation has a stronger effect on increasing soil carbon content than continuous cropping, and there is no significant difference in the impact on soil carbon content among different rotation patterns.
在黄土高原进行了一项为期六年的田间试验，以探究五种种植模式，即休闲（C0）、玉米连作（C1）、苜蓿连作（C2）、玉米-高粱-高粱-谷子（谷类）轮作（C3）和芸豆-高粱-高粱-谷子（豆科-谷类）轮作（C4），对不同形态土壤碳的影响。结果表明，与C0模式相比，不同作物的长期连作或轮作显著增加了0-40厘米土层中各种形态碳的质量分数。具体而言，总碳增加了57.11%-122.52%，有机碳增加了81.93%-244.12%，无机碳质量分数增加了29.52%-39.25%，轻组有机碳增加最为显著，是C0模式的3-11倍。在0至15厘米的土层中，不同种植模式之间存在差异。在C2模式下，土壤总碳、有机碳和轻组有机碳的质量分数最高，其次是C3和C4模式下的，而C1模式下的相对较低。无机碳的表现不同。C2模式仅增加了0-5厘米土层中的无机碳含量。随着土壤深度增加，各类碳的含量下降，且C2模式下降速率最大。综上所述，长期苜蓿连作是增加旱地土壤碳，尤其是有机碳和轻组有机碳的有效途径。然而，这种效果主要集中在15厘米以上的表层土壤中。比较连作和轮作时，轮作对增加土壤碳含量的效果比连作更强，且不同轮作模式对土壤碳含量的影响无显著差异。
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