鸡粪施用方式对土壤有机碳含量及其组分的影响。
Effects of chicken manure application methods on soil organic carbon content and its fractions.
作者信息
Yang Shu-Chun, Yan Jun, Han Xiao-Zeng, Zou Wen-Xiu, Lu Xin-Chun, Chen Xu
机构信息
Key Laboratory of Black Land Protection and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
出版信息
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2025 Jun;36(6):1811-1818. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.019.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and its fractions are critical indicators of soil quality and function. The impacts of the addition of exogenous organic fertilizer on SOC and its fractions in black soil with high SOC remains unclear. Based on a experiment with five years treatments in the Hailun Agro-ecological Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, we explored the effects of equal amount of chicken manure (30 t·hm·a) on SOC content and physical fractions (free light fraction carbon fLFC, occluded light fraction carbon oLFC, heavy fraction carbon HFC) and chemical fractions (easily oxidized organic carbon EOC, dissolved organic carbon DOC, humic acid carbon HAC, fulvic acid carbon FAC, humin carbon HMC) in 0-50 cm soil profile. There were three different methods of surface coverage (CM), shallow incorporation 15 cm (ST) and deep incorporation 35 cm (DT). The results showed that the SOC content of CM, ST, and DT was increased by 0 to 19.2%, 1.7% to 15.0% and 2.1% to 22.4%, respectively. The SOC storage was increased by 3.4%, 5.7% and 9.1%, respectively. The SOC content and storage of each treatment decreased with the deepening of soil layer. The organic carbon conversion rate of DT treatment was significantly higher than that of ST and CM. Compared with CK, CM treatment increased fLFC, oLFC and HFC by 39.5%, 30.0% and 17.6% in 0-10 cm soil layer, and the chemical fractions DOC and HAC were increased by 100.0% and 30.7%, respectively. The contents of fLFC, oLFC and HFC in 10-20 cm soil layer in ST treatment were significantly increased by 45.5%, 22.2%, and 10.8%, respectively, compared with CK, while the contents of DOC and HMC in 20-30 cm soil layer were increased by 95.2% and 19.5%, respectively. In the 20-50 cm soil layer, fLFC, oLFC and HFC increased by 16.7%-29.2%, 15.4%-46.2% and 12.0%-20.8%, and EOC, DOC, HAC and FAC increased by 12.0%-18.0%, 119.1%-129.4%, 37.1%-43.8% and 9.7%-13.3%, respectively. In general, chicken manure deep mixed returning (35 cm) was the most effective measure to improve the organic carbon storage and active carbon component content of black soil soil profile, and the influence depth can be below 40 cm soil layer, which would provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of cultivated land fertility and the optimization of carbon sequestration technology in black soil area in Northeast China.
土壤有机碳（SOC）含量及其组分是土壤质量和功能的关键指标。外源有机肥添加对高SOC黑土中SOC及其组分的影响尚不清楚。基于中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站为期五年的试验，我们探究了等量鸡粪（30 t·hm·a）对0-50 cm土层中SOC含量、物理组分（游离轻组碳fLFC、闭蓄态轻组碳oLFC、重组碳HFC）和化学组分（易氧化有机碳EOC、溶解有机碳DOC、腐殖酸碳HAC、富里酸碳FAC、胡敏素碳HMC）的影响。采用了三种不同的覆盖方式（CM）、浅施15 cm（ST）和深施35 cm（DT）。结果表明，CM、ST和DT处理的SOC含量分别增加了0至19.2%、1.7%至15.0%和2.1%至22.4%。SOC储量分别增加了3.4%、5.7%和9.1%。各处理的SOC含量和储量均随土层加深而降低。DT处理的有机碳转化率显著高于ST和CM。与对照相比，CM处理使0-10 cm土层中的fLFC、oLFC和HFC分别增加了39.5%、30.0%和17.6%，化学组分DOC和HAC分别增加了100.0%和30.7%。与对照相比，ST处理10-20 cm土层中的fLFC、oLFC和HFC含量分别显著增加了45.5%、22.2%和10.8%，而20-30 cm土层中的DOC和HMC含量分别增加了95.2%和19.5%。在20-50 cm土层中，fLFC、oLFC和HFC增加了16.7%-29.2%、15.4%-46.2%和12.0%-20.8%，EOC、DOC、HAC和FAC分别增加了12.0%-18.0%、119.1%-129.4%、37.1%-43.8%和9.7%-13.3%。总体而言，鸡粪深混还田（35 cm）是提高黑土剖面有机碳储量和活性碳组分含量的最有效措施，影响深度可达40 cm以下土层，这将为东北地区黑土区耕地地力提升和固碳技术优化提供理论依据。
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