This work aims to explore the effects of supportive psychological nursing in combination with continuous nursing on mental state as well as coping style of patients with thyroid malignancy undergoing surgery. Eighty-two patients with thyroid malignancy undergoing surgery admitted to our hospital from March 2023 to June 2024 were chosen to be the study objects, followed by dividing into control group and observation group. The control group adopted routine nursing intervention and routine discharge health education. Based on routine nursing intervention and routine discharge health education, the observation group adopted supportive psychological nursing combined with continuous nursing. The negative emotions, coping style, self-management ability, cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, sleep quality, medication compliance along with nursing satisfaction were compared in 2 groups. After nursing, in contrast to the control group, the anxiety and depression scores in the observation group were lower (p < 0.05), the improvements of yielding, avoiding and confronting scores in the observation group were more obvious (p < 0.05), the self-management ability scores in the observation group presented higher (p < 0.05), the cancer-related fatigue scores in the observation group were lower (p < 0.05), the quality of life scores in the observation group were higher (p < 0.05), the sleep quality score in the observation group was lower (p < 0.05), and the medication compliance along with nursing satisfaction of patients in the observation group was better (p < 0.05). Supportive psychological nursing in combination with continuous nursing can improve the mental state and coping style, promote the self-management ability, cancer-related fatigue, quality of life and sleep quality, as well as elevate the medication compliance and nursing satisfaction of patients with thyroid malignancy undergoing surgery.