Tailored Extracellular Vesicles from Dental Stem Cells: Advances in Specific Modifications for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications.

Extracellular vesicles(EVs) derived from dental stem cells have emerged as a key focus in regenerative medicine, owing to their remarkable ability to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Recent advancements revealed that targeted modifications can significantly boost their functional properties, creating new possibilities for the regeneration field. This article provides an overview of the most recent progress in EVs derived from dental stem cells research, with a particular emphasis on diverse engineering strategies such as genetic, chemical, and physical techniques, and their role in enhancing therapeutic performance. Furthermore, the influence of these engineering methods on the yield of EVs is thoroughly examined, offering critical perspectives for improving large-scale manufacturing efficiency. Pretreatment-generated conditioned dental stem cells-derived EVs are also explored as an innovative approach, demonstrating superior biological functions and regenerative potential. By integrating contemporary findings, this review underscores the superior capabilities of modified EVs derived from dental stem cells in driving progress in regenerative medicine and lays the groundwork for future investigations focused on clinical applications and therapeutic innovation.