Cao Manman, Tang Qifeng, Gai Nan, Ma Shuai, Liu Jiuchen, Wang Fei
Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875, Beijing, China.
Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Sep;391:126443. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126443. Epub 2025 Jul 1.
Anji County, Zhejiang Province, is a typical high geological background region within the Yangtze River Delta. Our study aimed to address gaps in fragmented traditional heavy metal and metalloid research by comprehensively exploring the soil-crop-human system. In surface soil, all eight heavy metals and metalloids (As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cd) exceeded the background values, especially Cd (3.75 times), and their spatial distribution correlated with the black rock series. Spearman correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models were utilized to identify sources: industrial (25.76 %), traffic (23.16 %), agricultural (16.94 %), mixed (15.55 %), and lithogenic (18.60 %). Ecological risk assessment with Nemerow's synthetical pollution index (P) and potential ecological risk index (RI) showed that Cd had a single pollution index of 2.32, which drove P to 1.77, signifying mild pollution, and contributed 97.11 % to RI. In the planting system, dry land enriched more heavy metals than paddy and tea fields, and crop levels were vegetables > tea > rice. Phytoaccumulation heterogeneity was pronounced. Leafy vegetables exhibited a relatively strong accumulation ability for heavy metals. Dietary differences drove divergent risk susceptibilities. Limited tea consumption reduced children's carcinogenic risk (CR), whereas increased hickory intake amplified their risk. Despite the contamination of the soil-crop system, population health indicators did not show significant negative effects. Biomonitoring revealed urinary Cd exceedance against normative hair Cd levels, suggesting effective renal clearance mechanisms counteracting environmental exposure, albeit long-term risks necessitate continued monitoring. These findings provide new insights into the impact of heavy metal pollution on human health in high-background areas.
浙江省安吉县是长江三角洲典型的高地质背景区。我们的研究旨在通过全面探索土壤 - 作物 - 人类系统来填补传统重金属和类金属研究碎片化的空白。表层土壤中，所有八种重金属和类金属（砷、汞、铬、铜、铅、锌、镍和镉）均超过背景值，尤其是镉（3.75倍），其空间分布与黑色岩系相关。利用Spearman相关分析、主成分分析（PCA）和正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型来识别来源：工业源（25.76%）、交通源（23.16%）、农业源（16.94%）、混合源（15.55%）和成岩源（18.60%）。采用内梅罗综合污染指数（P）和潜在生态风险指数（RI）进行生态风险评估，结果表明镉的单项污染指数为2.32，导致P值达到1.77，表明为轻度污染，且对RI的贡献率为97.11%。在种植系统中，旱地比水田和茶园富集更多重金属，作物中的重金属含量为蔬菜>茶叶>水稻。植物累积的异质性明显。叶菜类蔬菜对重金属表现出相对较强的累积能力。饮食差异导致风险易感性不同。有限的茶叶消费降低了儿童的致癌风险（CR），而增加山核桃摄入量则增加了他们的风险。尽管土壤 - 作物系统受到污染，但人群健康指标并未显示出明显的负面影响。生物监测显示尿镉超过了头发镉的正常水平，表明有效的肾脏清除机制可抵消环境暴露，尽管长期风险仍需持续监测。这些发现为高背景地区重金属污染对人类健康的影响提供了新的见解。
