Chiari R, Braganza E
Urologe A. 1985 Sep;24(5):270-3.
Since the position of the longitudinal axis of the renal pelvis is of special significance in the diagnosis of the renal masses, the physiological range of the angle formed by this axis and the spine was determined by retrospective evaluation of 516 urograms. Up to the age of 11, in boys and girls the angle increases without side difference. In the adult, the position of the kidney is more transverse in men than in women, the left angle being smaller than the right one in both, male and female. The lateral contour of psoas muscle changes in similar fashion except for the side difference. Moreover, the decrease in size of the adrenal glands in early childhood is thought to be responsible for the rotation of the kidneys. Neither the kidney's shape nor its position respective to the spine proved significant for the position of the axis. The right kidney constantly being in a position nearly one vertebra lower than the left one, both sink caudad about 2/3 of a vertebra after the age of 50.
由于肾盂纵轴的位置在肾脏肿块的诊断中具有特殊意义，因此通过对516份尿路造影进行回顾性评估，确定了该轴与脊柱所形成角度的生理范围。在11岁之前，男孩和女孩的这个角度都会增加，且无性别差异。在成年人中，男性肾脏的位置比女性更横向，无论男性还是女性，左侧角度均小于右侧。除了性别差异外，腰大肌的外侧轮廓也有类似变化。此外，儿童早期肾上腺大小的减小被认为是肾脏旋转的原因。肾脏的形状及其相对于脊柱的位置对轴的位置均无显著影响。右肾的位置始终比左肾低近一个椎体，50岁以后，二者都会尾侧下沉约三分之二个椎体。
