Bawa Geet, Singh Harmeet, Rani Sita, Kataria Aman, Min Hong
Department of Computer Applications, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, 141006, Punjab, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23364. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06471-2.
Existing organ transportation management systems face significant limitations as they do not allow patients to monitor the condition of the transplantable organ during its transportation from the donor's place to the recipient's venue. This undermines patients' confidence that the organ allotted to them remains uncontaminated, healthy, and unaffected by fluctuations in parameters including temperature, humidity, and the container's vibration, and orientation. Additionally, there is a lack of technology to ensure that the organ container remains securely closed throughout the shipment. Furthermore, the shipment data is often stored in centralized or with third-party systems, which are potentially vulnerable to security risks and single points of failure. These limitations highlight the need for a more secure, transparent, and reliable solution to improve organ transportation safety and data integrity. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a cost-efficient, decentralized, and transparent framework for managing organ transportation that enhances data security and traceability. The proposed framework integrates Internet of Things sensors within the organ container and connects them to smart contracts via the InterPlanetary File System. The blockchain ensures data security, immutability, and decentralization, while sensors safeguard the organ by providing real-time updates on its condition. The smart contracts generate alerts for issues and notify stakeholders for prompt action. A key contribution of this work is the novel use of IPFS for off-chain data storage, which reduces blockchain storage requirements, Ether consumption, and overall system costs. A comparative analysis with existing IoT, IPFS, and blockchain-based transportation approaches demonstrates that the proposed framework consumes a negligible amount of Ether; approximately, 0.000023004, equivalent to approximately 5.52 INR; for deployment, while ensuring safe, transparent, cost-effective, and traceable organ transportation.
现有的器官运输管理系统存在重大局限性，因为它们不允许患者在可移植器官从供体处运输到受体地点的过程中监测其状况。这削弱了患者对分配给他们的器官保持未受污染、健康且不受温度、湿度以及容器振动和方向等参数波动影响的信心。此外，缺乏确保器官容器在整个运输过程中保持安全关闭的技术。此外，运输数据通常存储在集中式系统或第三方系统中，这些系统可能容易受到安全风险和单点故障的影响。这些局限性凸显了需要一个更安全、透明和可靠的解决方案来提高器官运输安全性和数据完整性。本文通过提出一个经济高效、去中心化且透明的器官运输管理框架来应对这些挑战，该框架增强了数据安全性和可追溯性。所提出的框架在器官容器内集成了物联网传感器，并通过星际文件系统将它们连接到智能合约。区块链确保数据安全、不可变和去中心化，而传感器通过提供器官状况的实时更新来保护器官。智能合约会针对问题生成警报并通知利益相关者以便迅速采取行动。这项工作的一个关键贡献是将星际文件系统新颖地用于链下数据存储，这减少了区块链存储需求、以太币消耗和整体系统成本。与现有的基于物联网、星际文件系统和区块链的运输方法进行的对比分析表明，所提出的框架消耗的以太币数量可忽略不计；大约为0.000023004，相当于约5.52印度卢比；用于部署，同时确保安全、透明、经济高效且可追溯的器官运输。
